A detailed description on cloud computing and its architecture

1. Jithin Parakka
Department of Computer Science
Pondicherry University

2. • Introduction
• Essential characteristics of cloud
• Cloud Service Models
• Cloud Deployment Models
• Cloud Architecture
• Underlying Components
• Research Challenges
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3. • If you peel back the label and its says “Grid” or “OGSA” underneath…
its not a cloud.
• If you need to send a 40 page requirements document to the vendor
then… it is not cloud.
• If you can’t buy it on your personal credit card… it is not a cloud
• If they are trying to sell you hardware… its not a cloud.
• If there is no API… its not a cloud.
• If you need to rearchitect your systems for it… Its not a cloud.
• If it takes more than ten minutes to provision… its not a cloud.
• If you can’t deprovision in less than ten minutes… its not a cloud.
• If you know where the machines are… its not a cloud.
• If there is a consultant in the room… its not a cloud.
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4. • If you need to specify the number of machines you want
upfront… its not a cloud.
• If it only runs one operating system… its not a cloud.
• If you can’t connect to it from your own machine… its not a
cloud.
• If you need to install software to use it… its not a cloud.
• If you own all the hardware… its not a cloud.
• If it takes 20 slides to explain…. its not a cloud
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5. • How many of you used cloud computing
services ?
– If you ever browsed YouTube for videos
– If you streamed music online
– Or just sent and received emails online
• “The cloud has been around us for a long time
and its only now we have started realizing its
full potential”
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6. “As of now, computer networks are still in their infancy,
but as they grow up and become sophisticated, we will
probably see the spread of ‘computer utilities’ which,
like present electric and telephone utilities, will service
individual homes and offices across the country.”
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7. 7

8. A style of computing where massively
scalable (and elastic) IT-related
capabilities are provided “as a
service” to external customers using
Internet technologies.
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9. Internet Cluster
•LAN •Server Computing
•MAN •Inter •Storage
networking of •Within
LAN Organization
Networks
Virtualization
Grid
Computing •XaaS
•HPC
•SOA Cloud
Computing
•Web 2.0
Web Services
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10.  Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand
network access to a shared pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with
minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
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11. • Acquisition Model: Based on purchasing of services
• Business Model: Based on pay for use
• Access Model: Over the Internet to ANY device
• Technical Model: Scalable, elastic, dynamic, multi-tenant, & sharable
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12. Internal IT Managed Services The Cloud
Capital Investment Significant Moderate Negligible
Ongoing Costs Moderate Significant Based on usage
Provisioning time Significant Moderate None
Flexibility Limited Moderate Flexible
Staff expertise Significant Limited Moderate
Reliability Varies High Moderate to high
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13. Cost of running standard on demand instances in Amazon EC2
cloud for an hour
Image Type Configuration Linux / Unix Windows
Micro 1 CPU, 1 Core, 1.06 Rs 1.06 Rs
613MB RAM
Small 1 CPU, 1 Core, 3.44 Rs 6.09 Rs
1.7GB RAM
Medium 2 CPU, 1 Core, 6.89 Rs 12.19 Rs
3.7GB RAM
Large 4 CPU, 2 Core, 27.00 Rs 24.38 Rs
7.5GB RAM
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14. A consumer can provision computing capabilities, such
as server time and network storage, as needed automatically
without requiring human interaction with each service provider.
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15. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed
through standard mechanisms that promote use by
heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile
phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).
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16. The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve
multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different
physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and
reassigned according to consumer demand.
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17. Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released,
in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward and
inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the
capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be
unlimited and can be appropriated in any quantity at any time.
Vertical Scaling Horizontal Scaling
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18. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by
leveraging a
metering capability at some level
of abstraction appropriate to the
type of service (e.g., storage,
processing, bandwidth, and
active user accounts).
Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and
reported, providing transparency for both the provider and
consumer of the utilized service.
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19. Infrastructure
Software Platform (as a Service)
(as a Service) (as a Service)
You manage
Data / Users
You manage
Data / Users Data / Users
Applications
Applications Applications
You manage
Runtimes Runtimes Runtimes
Security & Security & Security & Integration
Integration Integration
Managed by vendor
Managed by vendor
Databases Databases Databases
Servers Servers Servers
Managed by vendor
Virtualization Virtualization
Virtualization
Server HW
Server HW Server HW
Storage
Storage
Storage
Networking
Networking
Networking
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20. Web-based software deployment model that makes the
software available entirely through a web browser.
As a user of SaaS software, you don’t care
 Where the software is hosted
What kind of operating system it uses,
In which programming language it is written
You don’t have to install a single piece of software anywhere.
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21. Availability via a web browser
On-demand availability
Payment terms based on usage
Minimal IT demands
Multitenancy
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22. Traditional application
Multiple copies of same application serve multiple users
App Copy App Copy App Copy App Copy
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23. Single instance of software servers multiple customers (tenants).
Tenants may be given the ability to customize some parts of the
application.
The distinction between the customers is achieved
during application design, thus customers do not
App
share or see each other's data.
Eg: Gmail for organizations.
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24. Platform
(as a Service)
You manage
Data / Users
Provides an independent middleware on
Applications
which developers can build and deploy
Runtimes
application
 Service consumer needs to pay only for the Security &
Integration
Managed by vendor
time their applications are running in the Databases
provided platform. Servers
 Offers faster, more cost effective infrastructure Virtualization
to build and deliver application over internet
Server HW
Storage
Networking
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25. 25

26. Social Application Platforms are used to develop applications on social
networks. Platforms like Facebook, Orkut, Yahoo, and MySpace provide APIs
for third parties to write new application functionality that is made available
to all users.
Computation Platforms are sort of hardware architecture and software
framework (including application frameworks) that allows software to run.
Amazon Web services and Microsoft Azure provide storage, processor, and
bandwidth as a service. Developers can upload their traditional software
stack and run their applications on these infrastructures.
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27. Web Application Platforms like Google provide APIs and functionality for
developers to build Web applications that leverage its mapping, calendar,
and spreadsheets plus YouTube and other services.
Business Application Platforms provide application infrastructure specifically
for transactional business applications such as database, integration,
workflow, and user interface services.
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28. Infrastructure
(as a Service)
Data / Users
Delivery of a compute foundation such as Applications
servers, networking technology, storage, and
You manage
Runtimes
data centre space as a service.
Also includes the delivery of operating Security & Integration
systems and virtualization technology to Databases
manage the resources. Servers
Managed by vendor
Maximum flexibility because anything that can
Virtualization
be virtualized can be run on these platforms
Server HW
Storage
Networking
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29. IaaS
IaaS PaaS
PaaS
SaaS
SaaS
Public Cloud Private Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
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30. The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the
general public.
It may be owned, managed, and operated by a
business, academic, or government organization, or some
combination of them.
It exists on the premises of the cloud provider.
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31. The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a
single organization.
 It may be owned, managed, and operated by the
organization, a third party, or some combination of them.
It may exist on or off premises.
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32. The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more
distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public)
that remain unique entities.
Are bound together by standardized or proprietary
technology that enables data and application portability.
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33. The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a
specific community of consumers from organizations that
have shared concerns.
 It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more
of the organizations in the community, a third party, or some
combination of them.
It may exist on or off premises.
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34. 34

35.  Accounting
Virtualization  Auditing
 Quality of Service  Data base
 SLA Data Structure
End to End Security  Grid Computing
Semantic Web  Distributed Systems
Metering & Billing Storage
 Monitoring Utility & Risk management
 Web Application framework  SOA & Web Services
Distributed File system  Programming Environment
Parallel Programming
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36. Creation of a virtual version of something, such as an
operating system, a server, a storage device or network
resources.
Virtualization lets a single physical resource to appear as
multiple logical resources
or making multiple Linux
Wind
Mac Sun
physical resources ows
appear as a single
Hypervisor
logical resource
Physical Hardware
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37. Document which defines the relationship between provider
and the recipient.
It should.
Identify and define the customer’s needs.
Provide a framework for understanding.
Simplify complex issues.
Reduce areas of conflict.
Encourage dialog in the event of disputes.
Eliminate unrealistic expectations.
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38. Cloud Computing is Internet based computing
Common resources will be shared among many users
Data is moving from your data centre to cloud provider
premises
It involves security of both physical and virtual resources
Physical resources security is similar to traditional security
approaches
Virtual resource security needs special attention
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39. SaaS
Least Security is needed from the customer
Greatest security responsibility taken on by the cloud
provider.
IaaS
Greatest security responsibility taken on by the
customer.
Least by the cloud provider.
PaaS
Lies somewhere in the middle
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40. Provides transparency and depth of visibility of entire
operations
Assure performance and scalability
Issues impacting overall performance and management
Operation Management
Application, Resource, Business & People Management
Cloud Management Factors
Data Centre Management,
Monitoring,
Metering & Billing,
Backup & Disaster recovery,
Client Management
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41. Support for cloud service elasticity for dynamic resource demands
Scalable deployment and management of resources
Service Reliability and High availability (DDOS attack)
Secure support for shared multi-tenant environments
Data integrity and location (storage)
Authentication Authorization Accounting and trust relationships
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42. Green Cloud Computing
Optimization algorithms for resource placement and allocation to reduce
energy consumption
Optimized VM placement algorithms based on SLA, availability,
performance and QoS
Cost-effective VM Migration
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43. Data Portability
Move data or applications across multiple cloud
environments at low cost and minimal disruption.
Service Interoperability
The ability of cloud consumers to use their data and
services across multiple cloud providers with a unified
management interface
The capability of users to communicate among multiple
clouds.
System portability
The migration of a fully-stopped VM image from one
provider to another
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44. Cloud Federation
Sharing of resources between cloud providers
New business model
Cloud providers can allocate computing/storage services from
other clouds.
 Resource optimization problem across centralized vs
decentralized cloud federation
Insourcing / outsoursing of resources, live VM migration
Interoperability and security issues
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