Guidance and Counselling
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Guidance and counseling is the process which helps the students to know their skills, interests, personality that will help students in further career selection. ... Guidance is the process in which person able to know their ability, interest, a capacity that will help in the encounter of problems faced by them.
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Guidance and Counselling
- 1. 1
- 2. SHIMLA NURSING COLLEGE PRESENTATION ON GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING SUBJECT: NURSING EDUCATION SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY: DR. PALLAVI PATHANIA MS. SHAILJA GUPTA ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR M.Sc. (N) 1ST YEAR SHIMLA NURSING COLLEGE SHIMLA NURSING COLLEGE
- 3. Today we will discuss about: ⢠Introduction of guidance &counseling ⢠Meaning &definition of Guidance ⢠Need &importance of guidance ⢠Elements, characterstics, principles of guidance ⢠Functions of guidance, different school guidance services ⢠Types, areas of guidance services ⢠Role of nurse in guidance ⢠Counseling ,meaning,definition ⢠Basic components,need of counseling ⢠Levels of counseling,elements of counselling
- 4. ⢠Characterstics ,media of counseling ⢠Stages, concept ,functions of counseling ⢠Types ,techniques of counseling ⢠Qualities of counselor,skills of counseling ⢠Characterstics of counsellor ⢠Role &functions of counselor ⢠Ingredients of guidance&counseling ⢠Organization of counseling services ⢠Tools used in counseling ⢠Difference between guidance&counseling
- 5. contd ⢠Purpose of guidance &counseling ⢠Scope,need,functions of guidance &counseling ⢠Requirement ,importance of guidance &counseling ⢠Trends &issues ,format of guidance&counselling ⢠Format of guidance &counseling ⢠Managing disciplinary problems ⢠Management of crisis
- 6. INTRODUCTION ďś Guidance & counseling are twin concepts & have emerged as essential elements of every educational activity. ďś Guidance & counseling are not synonymous term.Counseling is a part of guidance.
- 7. ContdâŚ ďś Guidance, in educational context, means to indicate, point out, show the way, lead out & direct. ďś Counselling is a specialized service of guidance. It is the process of helping individuals learn more about themselves & their present & possible future situations to make a substantial contribution to the society.
- 8. GUIDE ⢠GUIDE : (stands for) ⢠G â genuine ⢠U â understanding ⢠I -individual ⢠D âdemonstrator ⢠E -effort
- 9. GUIDANCE ⢠G -general ⢠U âunbaised ⢠I - interaction ⢠D âdetection ⢠A âassistance ⢠N ânobelity ⢠C âcomfort ⢠E âeducation
- 10. MEANING OF GUIDANCE: ⢠Guidance means âto directâ, âto point outâ, âto show the pathâ.It is the assistance or help rendered by a more experienced person to the less experienced person to solve some major problems of life
- 11. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE Guidance is an assistance made available by a competent counselor to an individual of any age to help him direct his own life, develop his own point of view, make his own decision & carry his own burden. - Hamrin & Erikson Guidance is a process of helping every individual, through his own effort to discover & develop his potentialities for his personal happiness & social usefulness. - Ruth Strang
- 12. NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE ⢠Self understanding and self direction. ⢠Optimum development of the individual. ⢠Solving different problem of the individual. ⢠Academic growth and development. ⢠Vocational maturity ,choices and adjustments.
- 13. ELEMENTS OF GUIDANCE ⢠Attention on the individual not problem ⢠It leads to the discovery of individual abilities ⢠It is based upon the assets and limitations of an individual ⢠It helps the individual to plan wisely for the present and future ⢠It assists to achieve success and happiness
- 14. Continous process Choices & problem focused Meant for all Assistance in development Generalized &specialized Organized services Aspiration Limit boundations CHARACTERSTICS OF GUIDANCE
- 15. PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE According to Crow and Crow: All-round development of individuals Principles of individual differences Guidance is related to every aspect of life Cooperation among persons Guidance is a continuous & lifelong Process Guidance for all Principles of elaboration Responsibility of teachers & parents Flexibility Principles of evaluation Guidance by a trained person Principle of periodic appraisal
- 17. DIFFERENT SCHOOL GUIDANCE SERVICES ⢠A school guidance program includes all those activities other than instructional ,which are carried out to render assistance to pupils in their educational, vocational, personal development and adjustment. ⢠Guidance services assist in knowing pupils their potentialities and limitations.
- 18. Various guidance services ⢠Orientation services. ⢠Student inventory services. ⢠Career information services. ⢠Counselling services. ⢠Group guidance services. ⢠Placement services. ⢠Research and evaluation services.
- 19. TYPES/AREAS OF GUIDANCE SERVICES Types of Guidance Services Personal guidance Educationa lguidance Social guidance Vocational guidance Health guidance Avocational guidance
- 20. LEISURE âTIME GUIDANCE ⢠It is basically a part of personal guidance. ⢠Leisure is important to make our mind stress free and enhance our capabilities ⢠It helps to explore an individual about himself ⢠It helps the individual to be more creative and productive by giving an individual proper time to do rest and relaxation.
- 21. Contd ⢠Jones divide leisure time activities into four groups: ⢠Escape activities. ⢠General cultural or appreciation activities. ⢠Creative activities. ⢠Service activities & Social welfare activities.
- 22. ROLE OF NURSE IN GUIDANCE ⢠Arrange orientation of programmes for the other support staff to enlist their cooperation ⢠Organize the guidance committee ⢠Display the information collected in an attractive way ⢠Arrange talks by expert from different fields ⢠Organize career days, career weeks, career conferences .
- 23. COUNSELLING ⢠C âcommunicable ⢠O âopinion ⢠U âunique ⢠N ânovelty ⢠S âsociable ⢠E âequanimity ⢠L âlearning ⢠L âliable ⢠I âintelligence ⢠N ânoteworthy ⢠G âgenuine
- 24. MEANING OF COUNSELING: ⢠It is defined as consultation, mutual interchange of opinions, deliberating together. counseling goes on everyday life situations.
- 25. DEFINITION OF COUNSELLING Counseling is essentially a process in which the counselor assists the counselee to make interpretations of facts relating to a choice, plan or adjustment which he needs to make. - Glenn F. Smith Counseling is a series of direct contacts with the individual which aims to offer him assistance in changing his attitude & behaviors. - Carl Rogers
- 26. BASIC COMPONENTS OF COUNSELLING ⢠Rapport ⢠Communication ⢠Understanding ⢠Change in feelings and expressions ⢠Planning of counseling interview
- 27. NEED OF COUNSELLING ⢠Excessive workload ⢠Absenteeism and late coming ⢠Lack of awareness of policies and procedure ⢠Lack of team spirit ⢠Interpersonal relations with superiors and subordinates ⢠Family problems
- 29. ELEMENTS OF COUNSELLING ⢠The counselor: ⢠A person who is professionally capable to extend help. ⢠The counselee: ⢠The person who seeks help and lets himself/herself be subjective or counseling ⢠The counseling environment: ⢠A place to facilitate counseling
- 30. OTHER IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF COUNSELING ⢠Anticipating the interview ⢠Developing a positive working relationship ⢠Exploring feelings and attitudes ⢠Review and determining present status ⢠Considering existing problems ⢠Exploring alternatives ⢠Making decision ⢠Post counseling contact
- 31. CHARACTERSTICS OF COUNSELLING ⢠Involves two individuals-one counselee and the other counselor. ⢠Bring desired changes ⢠Develop sense of responsibility ⢠Decision making & direction forming.
- 32. MEDIA OF COUNSELLING ⢠Cell phones ⢠Video conferencing ⢠E-mailing ⢠Blogging ⢠Social media
- 33. PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING ⢠Involves face to face relationship ⢠Emotional not intellectual ⢠More advisory ⢠Solution of immediate problem and future decision.
- 34. Counseling process ⢠Involves a sequence of identifiable events over a period of time.
- 35. STAGES OF COUNSELING PROCESS Second stage:in depth exploration Third stage:commitment to action First stage:initial disclosure
- 36. Concepts of counseling process Rapport Transference Counter-transeference Resistance Case history Counterwill Readiness
- 37. Types of counselling ⢠Directive counselling ⢠Non directive counseling ⢠Eclectic counseling ⢠Online counseling
- 38. DIRECTIVE COUNSELING ⢠Chief component-BG Williamson. ⢠Counselor has the major responsibility of solving problem. ⢠Counselor identifies, defines, diagnoses& provide solutions to the problem. ⢠Counselor directs thinking by informing, explaining, interpreting and advising. ⢠Counselor oriented.
- 39. Steps of directive counseling Analysis Synthesis Diagnosis Prognosis Counseling Follow up.
- 40. MERITS/DEMERITS OF DIRECTIVE COUNSELING Merits- Time saving & Economical. ⢠Gives Happiness. ⢠Intellectual Emphasis. Demerits-kills initiative ⢠Makes him/her helpless ⢠Doesnât make the counselee confident
- 41. NON-DIRECTIVE COUNSELING ⢠Chief component-Carl Rogers. ⢠Counselee is allowed free expression. ⢠Counselor only directs and guides. ⢠Few questions are involved
- 42. Contd⌠⢠Emotional aspect rather than the intellectual aspect is stressed. ⢠Counseling relationship is the establishment of a warm, permissive and accepting climate. ⢠Counselee takes active part, gains insight into the problem arrives at the decision and action taken ⢠Counselor role is passive, goal is independent
- 43. MERITS/DEMERITS OF NON- DIRECTIVE COUNSELING MERITS ⢠Gives freedom. ⢠Relieves tension due to catharsis. ⢠Acceptance of self. ⢠Confront weakness without feeling threatened. DEMERITS ⢠Time consuming with all problems cannot be sorted out through talking.
- 44. ECLECTIC COUNSELING ⢠Chief component-Bordin. ⢠Counseling can be directive or non-directive ⢠Eclectic is a continuation and synthesis of directive and non-directive counseling. ⢠Both counselor and counselee are active and co- operative. ⢠Both do talking in turn and solve problem jointly.
- 45. STEPS OF ECLECTIC COUNSELING ⢠Initial interview ⢠Maintaining rapport and does structuring ⢠Tentative diagnosis and plan of counseling is formulated. ⢠Gathers information about the client and the client needs to be helped to assimilate this informtion. ⢠Achieving emotional release and gains insights,modifies perceptions about self.
- 46. MERITS/DE-MERITS OF ECLECTIC COUNSELING Merits: ⢠Combined efforts of counselor and counselee leads to solution of the problem ⢠Active participation of the counselee leads to gain in insight. Demerits: ⢠Time consuming and makes the counselor weak.
- 47. ONLINE COUNSELING ⢠Counseling services concerns via the internet. ⢠E-mail. ⢠Real time chat. ⢠Video conferencing.
- 48. Advantages of online counseling ⢠Convenient ⢠Flexible ⢠Protected anonymity ⢠Root analysis ⢠Cost &time effective ⢠Easily reachable without physical bouundaries Disadvantages of online counseling ⢠Cannot give emotional support ⢠Reliability is suspected.
- 49. TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELLING ⢠Active listening ⢠Use of silence ⢠Probing ⢠Questioning ⢠Confrontation ⢠Self disclosure ⢠Encouraging the client ⢠Reflection ⢠Teaching
- 50. Qualities of counselor ⢠Warmth ⢠Acceptance ⢠Genuineness ⢠Empathy
- 52. 1) LISTENING ⢠It includes: ⢠S:sit squarely ⢠O:openess ⢠L:leaning ⢠E:eye contact ⢠R:relax
- 53. contd Aspects of listening ⢠Linguistic aspects: words, phrases ⢠Paralinguistic aspects: timing,tone etc ⢠Non verbal aspects: guestures etc ⢠Attendedness &receptiveness ⢠Observing body messages
- 54. Contd.. LISTENING BLOCKS ⢠Attraction ⢠Physical condition ⢠Concerns ⢠Over-eagerness ⢠Similarity of problems ⢠Differences.
- 55. contd EFFECTIVE LISTENING ⢠Attention focuses outward ⢠Suspension of judgement ⢠Attention to the behavioural aspects(SOLER) ⢠Avoidance of interpretation ⢠Development of free-floating attention.
- 58. contd CAUSES OF COMMUNICATION BREAKDOWN: ďś Lack of other persons feelings ďś Use of technical language ďś Emotional disrespect ďś Lose human factor ďś Counselorâs perdispositions ďś Premature advice giving ďś Lecturing ďś Excessive questioning ďś Story telling
- 59. contd 3).QUESTIONING ⢠Open ended questions ⢠Clarifying questions ⢠Creative questions ⢠Process questions ⢠Probing or follow-up questions
- 60. CHARACTERSTICS OF A COUNSELOR ⢠Good listener ⢠Respectful to others feelings ⢠Kind,caring &understanding ⢠Non-jugdemental ⢠Trustworthy ⢠Relaxed and calm ⢠Warm and approachable ⢠Motivate &inspire clients
- 61. ROLE AND FUNCTIONS OF COUNSELOR
- 62. Ingredients of guidance and counseling services⌠1. The AdmissionService (Admittingtheright candidates for theright course, selecting those candidates most likely) 2.The Orientation Service (A âwelcomeserviceâ asitis concernedwithwelcoming fresher's to theworld of nursing ) 4.The Information Service (Informationprovide usually relatedto Education, occupational&personal- social ) 3.The Student Information Service (Assist thestudent to obtaina realisticpictureof his abilities,interests,personality characteristics,achievements, levelsofaspiration,stateof health, etc.) 62
- 63. Ingredients of guidance and counseling services⌠5.The Counselling Service (understandwhathecan do & whatheshould do,handle his difficultiesinarational way, makehis own decision, etc.) 6.The Placement Service (Help students to be in proper scholastic track, to realize their career expectations, organizecampusselection interviews,provide informationregarding currenttrends,etc.) 8.The follow-up Service (it is that review or systematic evaluation which is carried out to findout whether guidanceservices in particular&educational programme ingeneral satisfiestheneeds ofthe students. ) 7.The Remedial Service (itis mainlyoriented towards helpingstudents to improve their study habits, improve theiradjustment intheclinical area, reducingstress,etc.)
- 64. Ingredients of guidance and counseling services⌠9.The Research Service (It is intendedto examineboth the personnel inthecollege guidanceprogramme &the techniquesofguidanceused by themso asto discover their strong &weakpoints & ultimatelystrengthen the whole programme .) 10.The Evaluation Service (it determines theeffectiveness & efficiencyof the guidance programme,less numberof dropouts, harmonious relationshipbetween teachers &students,good result,well placedpassed out students, sense of security,etc.) 64
- 65. ORGANIZATION OF COUNSELLING SERVICES Typesorformsof the organizationof counselling servicesin educational institutions are: 1. Centralization counselling services: (The entire responsibilities of the guidance & counselling services is vested upon a group of trained personnel of the department of guidance & counselling services ) II. Decentralization counsellingservices: (The responsibilities ofthecounselling servicesis vestedupon teachers III. Combination of centralized & decentralized counselling services: (In this mixed form, guidance & counselling services are provided by teachers & expert collectively.)
- 66. Basic components of Counselling services⌠organizational set-up Counselling centre Counselling committee Tools for counselling services Requirement of counselling services
- 67. Purposes of organization counselling servicesâŚ ďś To help individuals with normal development problems. ďś To help individuals through a temporary crisis during the different stages of life. ďś To identify signs of disturbed behavior at early stage, so manage it. ďś To refer critical cases to specialists for best possible management. ďś To facilitate communication within & between nursing institutions & homes. ďś To support not only the tutors/nursing faculty who are helping individuals but also who themselves want guidance & reassurance at times.
- 68. Organizational set- up⌠At universities: Deans are assisted by head of departments of psychology &education, the guidance committee & counselling officer. For constituent colleges: A counselling officer assisted by the guidance committee in cooperation with the deputy chief & academic advisor can plan according to their needs & number of students. (<1000 students need a liaison officer while >1000 students need an assistant counselling officer .) For affiliated colleges: A counselling officer assisted by the guidance committee & a vocational guidance officer are needed for > 1000 students while a liaison officer only can manage the counselling services for <1000 students
- 69. DIFFERENCE BETWEENGUIDANCEAND COUNSELLING 6 9 www.drjayeshpatidar .blogspot.com 9/20/2013 GUIDANCE COUNSELLING Guidance is broader & comprehensive Counselling is in-depth & narrow Guidance is more external, helps a person understand alternative solutions available to him & makes him understand his personality & choose the right solution. Counselling helps people understand themselves & is an inward analysis. Alternative solutions are proposed to help understand the problem at hand. Guidance is mainly preventive & developmental Counselling is remedial as well as preventive &
- 70. PURPOSES OF GUIDANCEAND COUNSELLING ⢠Providing the needed information & assistance ⢠Helping in individual to make wise choices ⢠Improve the understanding of self ⢠Facilitate the adjustment ⢠Helps in adapting to the changes or new environment ⢠Making self-sufficient & independent
- 71. SCOPE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING Guidance & counselling for personal needs/problems Guidance & counselling for educational needs/problems Guidance & counselling for physical, emotional, social, moral & marital problems Guidance & counselling for vocational, occupational & professional needs Guidance & counselling for career advancement Guidance&counsellingforholisticindividualdevelopment
- 72. NEED OF GUIDANCEAND COUNSELLING I. Need s for personal & social domain ďź Personal & social development of individual ďź To adapt in different stages of development ďź Offering art of better living ďź Proper use of leisure time ďź Holistic personality development ďź Best use of available opportunities ďź Motivates for effective utilization & development of self
- 73. FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLLING Adjustmental Orientation Developmental
- 74. REQUIREMEMENT OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES: ⢠Guidance and counseling services rendering focus on the needs of the client ⢠Guidance and counseling services acquire the right understanding ⢠Guidance and counseling services maintain discipline with in the client and the whole process. ⢠Guidance and counseling services enable the overall development of the client.
- 75. IMPORTANCE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING IN NURSING: ⢠Guidance and counseling plays an important role in nursing ⢠It helps the nursing tutor and students to become more professional so that they may face harsh challenges of life. ⢠It also helps the students to get out of the anxiety or stress related to personal or professional life ⢠The main purpose of guidance and counseling is to help the individual by him/herself.
- 76. Contd⌠⢠Assist the training institutions to have well motivated students who take responsibility for their own learning and set their own goals for achievement. ⢠It helps in understanding ones strengths or limitations ⢠Gives vocational maturity and choices. ⢠Gives self understanding and self direction
- 77. TRENDS AND ISSUES IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING: ⢠Trends includes: school counseling In school services mainly school drop out or gang formation, school violence, suicide occurs. ⢠Cyber counseling ⢠Multicultural counseling ⢠Workplace counseling ⢠Family counseling
- 78. Contd⌠⢠Geriatric counseling ⢠Hygiology counseling-it is the study of problems of normal people &prevention of serious emotional difficulties. ⢠Evaluation ⢠Prevention versus remediation
- 79. Contd⌠Issues includes: ⢠Career guidance ⢠Stress management ⢠Depression & anger ⢠Self harm/suicidal attempt ⢠Child abuse/harassment ⢠Memory and concentration ⢠Adjustment with parents ⢠School /college adjustment
- 80. Contd⌠⢠Domestic violence ⢠Gambling ⢠Substance abuse ⢠Truancy ⢠Love affairs
- 81. ISSUES FOR GUIDANCE & COUNSELING IN NURSING ⢠Rarely available services ⢠Nursing faculty advisors perform these servces for nursing students & staff. ⢠Absence of trained counselors ⢠Inadequate provision of budget for personnel workshops, training resources & facilities. ⢠Lack of awareness about counseling services
- 82. FORMAT OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING:
- 83. ContdâŚ
- 84. MANAGING DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS ⢠Discipline: Training & Moulding of mind to bring desirable outcomes. It is derived from latin word âdisciplinaâmeans learning teaching and growing.
- 85. Aims &objectives of discipline ⢠Willing acceptance of the rules and regulations. ⢠Impart certainty. ⢠Develop a spirit of tolerance. ⢠To give &seek direction and responsibility. ⢠To create an atmosphere of respect. ⢠To increase the working efficiency.
- 86. Principles of discipline ⢠Disciplinary guidelines should be in harmony with the ultimate goals of education. ⢠Implemented through agreeness. ⢠Positive and constructive. ⢠Justice for all ⢠Preventive disciplinary policies and procedures, then corrective but never retributive. ⢠Avoid collective punishment. ⢠Never banish a student from classroom.
- 87. Approaches of discipline ⢠Traditional approach ⢠Developmental approach ⢠Positive discipline approach ⢠Self-controlled discipline approach ⢠Enforced discipline approach.
- 88. CAUSES OF INDISCIPLINE IN STAFFING ⢠Neglect ⢠Faulty disciplinary action ⢠Improper attitude ⢠Wrong placement or promotion ⢠Lack of code of conduct ⢠Divide and rule policy ⢠Ill-advised supervisor.
- 89. ERRORS IN DISCIPLINING EMPLOYEES ⢠Delay in administering discipline ⢠Ignoring rule violation ⢠Administering sweetened discipline ⢠Failure to document disciplinary actions ⢠Disproportionate discipline to the seriousness of offence.
- 90. EFFECTIVE DISCIPLINE ⢠Condone the past offences ⢠Building agreement on disciplinary rules ⢠Establish a disciplinary committee ⢠Disciplinary issues investigated by the human resource department.
- 91. PRINCIPLES OF DISCIPLINARY ACTION ⢠Positive attitude ⢠Investigate carefully ⢠Be prompt ⢠Protect privacy ⢠Focus on the act ⢠Enforcing rules ⢠Be flexible ⢠Advisory ⢠Follow-up ⢠Corrective ,consistent action
- 92. Causes of disciplinary proceedings ⢠Acts : amounting to crime e.g. bribery,corruption etc. ⢠Misdemeanor:disobedience. ⢠Misconduct: violation of rules. ⢠Omissions:late attendence,negligence. ⢠Dealing with disciplinary problems ⢠Disciplinary conference,letter,standing orders
- 93. Components of a disciplinary action program ⢠Codes of conduct ⢠Authorized penalties ⢠Records of offences and corrective measures Other penalties: ⢠warnings, demotion, suspension.
- 94. Stages of disciplinary proceeding enquiry for major punishment Preliminary enquiry Decision for formal enquiry suspension Charge sheet Appointment of enquiry officer Written statement of defense Recording of evidence by enquiry officer
- 95. Contd.. Personal hearing of charged official Report of enquiry officer Show cause notice by the disciplinary authority Reply to show cause notice and decision thereon Review of punishment order Appeal or revision Reinstatement and restitution Show cause notice against withholding of emoluments for suspension period
- 96. STRATEGIES FOR MANAGING DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS ⢠Training of faculty &teachers ⢠Practice of co-curricular & extracurricular activities. ⢠Appropriate selection & use of disciplinary standards ⢠Use of reward or punishment ⢠Promoting better teacher-student relationship ⢠Cultivation of ethical, moral and spiritual values ⢠Close student-teacher-parent contact ⢠Effective use of guidance and counseling programs.
- 97. MANAGEMENT OF CRISIS ⢠Crisis like suicide, school bus crashes, natural disasters or multiple injuries etc.
- 98. Steps for management of crises Teacher counseling Telephone contact Individual or group counseling Health education Peer review or self review Student information Student welfare commmittee Parent teacher association meeting Psychology/psychiatric department assessment
- 99. REFERANCES Book referances ⢠Bhaskara Raj D Elakkuvana , âA text book of nursing educationâ ,published by jaypee brothers,Edn ;1st2018,Pp254-277. Net referances ⢠www.slideshare.net- âguidance and counseling by Dr.Jayeshpatidhar.