2. INTRODUCTION TO
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Topic : Solid Wastes
Presented By :
 Sidra Butt
 Farah Masood
 Aqsa Aftab

3. INTRODUCTION
Solid wastes are all the wastes arising from
human and animal activities that are normally solid
and are discarded as useless or unwanted.

5. SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE
 Solid waste can be classified into different
types depending on their source.
 Household waste is generally classified as
municipal waste.
 Industrial waste as hazardous waste.
 Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious
waste.

7. INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial
activity, such as that of factories, mills and
mines. It has existed since the outset of the
industrial revolution.

9. MEDICAL WASTE
Medical waste, also known as Biomedical waste,
normally refers to waste products that cannot be
considered general waste, produced from healthcare
premises, such as hospitals, clinics, doctors offices,
veterinary hospitals and labs.

11. EFFECTS OF SOLID WASTE
Groundwater Contamination
Disease Outbreaks
Habitat Destruction
Climate Change
Air Quality

12. TYPES OF SOLIDWASTE
Garbage
which is food-related waste that can decompose.
Ashes
from manufacturing operations and large debris,
chemicals from industrial, mining and agricultural ventures.

13. METHODS FOR SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Landfill
A landfill site (also known as tip, dump, rubbish
dump or dumping ground) is a site for the
disposal of waste materials by burial and is the
oldest form of waste treatment.

14. Incineration
Incineration is a waste treatment process that
involves the combustion of organic substances
contained in waste materials.

15. EXAMPLES OF SOLID WASTE
 waste tires
 scrap metal
 latex paints
 furniture and toys
 domestic refuse (garbage)
 discarded appliances and vehicles
 uncontaminated used oil and anti-freeze
 empty aerosol cans, paint cans and compressed
gas cylinders
 construction and demolition debris, asbestos

16. GOVERNMENT RESPONSES
 Solid Waste Management Policy:
The legal rules and regulations dealing with solid waste management in
Pakistan are as follows:
 Section 11 of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act Prohibits Discharge
of Waste in Amount of concentrations that violates the National
Environmental Quality Standards.
 Draft Hazardous Substances Rules of 1999
 Islamabad capital Territory Bye Laws ,1968 by capital Development
Authority Islamabad
 ‘Section 132 of cantonment Act 1924 Deals with deposits and disposal of
rubbish etc
 Provisions Contained in the local government Oridance,2001.

17. RECOMMENDATIONS
There are three Rs practiced to manage the
solid waste.
 REDUCE
 REUSE
 RECYCLE

18. REDUCE
The best way to reduce waste is not to produce it
in the first place. Everyone should try to reduce
his/her consumption of goods as much as
possible.

19. REUSE
• Reuse is to use an item again after it has been
used.
• This includes conventional reuse where the item
is used again for the same function,
and new-life reuse where
it is used for a different
function.

20. RECYCLE
Recycling means creating new things from used
items. Almost 20-30 percent of MSW contains
materials which could be recycled.