my ppt on lamp,ajax,css,html,web2.0

8. log - Log files from programs such as login and syslog which logs all logins and logouts. run - Files that contain information about the system that is valid until the system is next booted spool - Directories for mail, printer spools, news and other spooled work. tmp - Temporary files that are large or need to exist for longer than they should in /tmp. catman - A cache for man pages that are formatted on demand mnt - Mount points for temporary mounts by the system administrator. Tmp - Temporary files. Programs running after bootup should use /var/tmp.

9. Basic commands in linux 1.Cat : Sends file contents to standard output. This is a way to list the contents of short files to the screen. Example: cat .bashrc Description: It works well with piping. Sends the contents of the ".bashrc" file to the screen.

10. 2. Cd : Change directory Example: cd /home Description: Change the current working directory to /home. The '/' indicates relative to root, and no matter what directory you are in when you execute this command, the directory will be changed to "/home". Example: cd httpd Description : Change the current working directory to httpd, relative to the current location which is "/home". The full path of the new working directory is "/home/httpd".

11. 3. Cp : Copy files Example : cp myfile yourfile Description : Copy the files "myfile" to the file "yourfile" in the current working directory. This command will create the file "yourfile" if it doesn't exist. It will normally overwrite it without warning if it exists. Example : cp -dpr srcdir destdir Description : Copy all files from the directory "srcdir" to the directory "destdir" preserving links (-p option), file attributes (-p option), and copy recursively (-r option). With these options, a directory and all it contents can be copied to another directory.

12. 4.Dd : Disk duplicate Example : dd if=/dev/hdb1 of=/backup/ Description: The man page says this command is to "Convert and copy a file", but although used by more advanced users, it can be a very handy command. The "if" means input file, "of" means output file. 5. Df : Show the amount of disk space used on each mounted filesystem.

13. 6. ls :List files Example : ls Description : List files in the current working directory except those starting with . and only show the file name. Example : ls -al Description : List all files in the current working directory in long listing format showing permissions, ownership, size, and time and date stamp

14. 7. mv: Move or rename files Example : mv -i myfile yourfile Description : Move the file from "myfile" to "yourfile". This effectively changes the name of "myfile" to "yourfile". Example : mv -i /data/myfile . Description : Move the file from "myfile" from the directory "/data" to the current working directory.

15. 8. pwd :Show the name of the current working directory Example : more /etc/profile Description : Lists the contents of the "/etc/profile" file to the screen one page at a time.

16. APACHE

18. Configuration ServerRoot : The top of the directory tree under which the server's configuration, error, and log files are kept. Example: ServerRoot &quot;/opt/lampp&quot; Listen : Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>directive. Example: Listen 12.34.56.78:80 Listen 80

19. ServerAdmin : Your address, where problems with the server should be e-mailed. This address appears on some server-generated pages, such as error documents. e.g. [email_address] Example : ServerAdmin you@example.com

20. DocumentRoot : The directory out of which you will serve your documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations. Example: DocumentRoot &quot;/opt/lampp/htdocs&quot;

21. User/Group : The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as. It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for running httpd, as with most system services. DirectoryIndex : sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory is requested. <IfModule dir_module> #DirectoryIndex index.html # XAMPP DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.php index.php3 index.php4 </IfModule>

22. ErrorLog : The location of the error log file. If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost> container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be logged here. If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost> container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here. Example : ErrorLog logs/error_log LogLevel : Control the number of messages logged to the error_log. Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, alert, emerg. Example : LogLevel warn

23. Installing Apache Three methods of installing Apache under Linux. The three methods are: • Binary installation • Using an RPM (Red Hat Package Manager) – recommended for people running Red Hat Linux • Building from source

25. Binary Installation: A binary is pre-configured, which means someone else has gone to the trouble of configuring and building the software for you. There are, however, a few things you should keep in mind: • Binaries are compiled for a particular operating system. In other words, you must use a binary built specifically for FreeBSD on your FreeBSD machine and a Linux binary on your Linux machine. You need to be sure to grab the correct binary; if you don't see a binary for your particular operating system, you must choose a different method of installation. • Apache binaries are usually a version or two behind the current source distribution. This means you don't reap the benefits of the latest bug fixes and feature enhancements.

28. Basic commands: User Commands : Commands useful for users of a hadoop cluster. archive: Creates a hadoop archive. More information can be found at Hadoop Archives . Usage : hadoop archive -archiveName NAME <src>* <dest>

29. COMMAND_OPTION Description -archiveName NAME Name of the archive to be created. src Filesystem pathnames which work as usual with regular expressions. dest Destination directory which would contain the archive.

30. distcp : Copy file or directories recursively. More information can be found at Hadoop DistCp Guide . Usage: hadoop distcp <srcurl> <desturl> fs : Usage: hadoop fs [GENERIC_OPTIONS] [COMMAND_OPTIONS] Runs a generic filesystem user client. The various COMMAND_OPTIONS can be found at Hadoop FS Shell Guide.

31. jar Runs a jar file. Users can bundle their Map Reduce code in a jar file and execute it using this command. Usage: hadoop jar <jar> [mainClass] args... The streaming jobs are run via this command. Examples can be referred from Streaming examples Word count example is also run using jar command. It can be referred from Wordcount example fsck : Runs a HDFS filesystem checking utility. See Fsck for more info. Usage: hadoop fsck [ GENERIC_OPTIONS ] <path> [-move | -delete | -openforwrite] [-files [-blocks [-locations | -racks]]]

32. fsck : Runs a HDFS filesystem checking utility. Usage: hadoop fsck [ GENERIC_OPTIONS ] <path> [-move | -delete | -openforwrite] [-files [-blocks [-locations | -racks]]] COMMAND_OPTION Description <path> Start checking from this path. -move Move corrupted files to /lost+found -delete Delete corrupted files. -openforwrite Print out files opened for write. -files Print out files being checked. -blocks Print out block report. -locations Print out locations for every block. -racks Print out network topology for data-node locations.

33. job: COMMAND_OPTION Description -submit <job-file> Submits the job. -status <job-id> Prints the map and reduce completion percentage and all job counters. -counter <job-id> <group-name> <counter-name> Prints the counter value. -kill <job-id> Kills the job. -events <job-id> <from-event-#> <#-of-events> Prints the events' details received by jobtracker for the given range. -history [all] <jobOutputDir> -history <jobOutputDir> prints job details, failed and killed tip details. More details about the job such as successful tasks and task attempts made for each task can be viewed by specifying the [all] option. -list [all] -list all displays all jobs. -list displays only jobs which are yet to complete. -kill-task <task-id> Kills the task. Killed tasks are NOT counted against failed attempts. -fail-task <task-id> Fails the task. Failed tasks are counted against failed attempts.

34. Queue COMMAND_OPTION Description -list Gets list of Job Queues configured in the system. Along with scheduling information associated with the job queues. -info <job-queue-name> [-showJobs] Displays the job queue information and associated scheduling information of particular job queue. If -showJobs options is present a list of jobs submitted to the particular job queue is displayed.

37. Now you should see where the file is located. When you move into the directory containing httpd.conf , you should see these three files: • httpd.conf – This has the settings for the overall configuration for the server. • access.conf – This file contains all the security settings for Apache. • srm.conf – This file contains the MIME definitions and default document names for files on the server.

39. MYSQL

41. Installing MySQL on Linux It's simple to install MySQL on Linux using the RPM file. 1. Become the superuser if you are working in your account. (Type &quot;su&quot; and the prompt and give the root password). 2. Change to the directory that has the RPM download. 3. Type the following command at the prompt: rpm -ivh &quot;mysql_file_name.rpm&quot; Similarly you can also install the MySQL client and MySQL development RPMs if you've downloaded them. Alternatively, you can install the RPMs through GnoRPM (found under System). 4. Now we'll set a password for the root user. Issue the following at the prompt. mysqladmin -u root password mysqldata where mysqldata is the password for the root. (Change this to anything you like).

43. 7. You should now get a display similar to: +----------------+ | Database | +----------------+ | mysql | | test | +----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

60. PHP

68. AJAX

69. AJAX 1. AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript And XML. 2. AJAX is not a new programming language, but a new way to use existing standards. 3. With AJAX you can create better, faster, and more user-friendly web applications. 4. AJAX is based on JavaScript and HTTP requests.

70. 5. With AJAX, your JavaScript can communicate directly with the server, using the JavaScript XMLHttpRequest object. With this object, your JavaScript can trade data with a web server, without reloading the page. 6. AJAX uses asynchronous data transfer (HTTP requests) between the browser and the web server, allowing web pages to request small bits of information from the server instead of whole pages. AJAX is based on the following web standards: 1. JavaScript 2. XML 3. HTML 4. CSS

72. 1. Because the server returns a new page each time the user submits input, traditional web applications can run slowly and tend to be less user-friendly. 2. With an HTTP request, a web page can make a request to, and get a response from a web server – without reloading the page. The user will stay on the same page, and he or she will not notice that scripts request pages, or send data to a server in the background.

74. AJAX Suggest example The following AJAX example will demonstrate how a web page can communicate with a web server while a user enters data into an HTML form. Type a name in the input field below: First name: Suggestions: Example explained – The HTML form The form above has the following HTML code: <form> First Name: <input /> </form> <p>Suggestions: <span></span></p>

75. AJAX – Browser support The keystone of AJAX is the XMLHttpRequest object. All new browsers use the built-in JavaScript XMLHttpRequest object to create an XMLHttpRequest object (IE5 and IE6 uses an ActiveXObject). Let’s update our ” txt1.htm” file with a JavaScript that creates an XMLHttpRequest object: <html> <body> <script> function ajaxFunction() { var xmlhttp; if (window.XMLHttpRequest) { // code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari

76. xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest(); } else if (window.ActiveXObject) { // code for IE6, IE5 xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject(”Microsoft.XMLHTTP”); } else { alert(”Your browser does not support XMLHTTP!”); } } </script> <form> Name: <input /> Time: <input /> </form> </body> </html>

77. The AJAX HTML page This is the HTML page. It contains a simple HTML form and a link to a JavaScript. <html> <head> <script src=”clienthint.js”></script> </head> <body> <form> First Name: <input /> </form> <p>Suggestions: <span></span></p> </body> </html>

78. Installation To install AJAX Control Toolkit, first of all download it from the links provided in the previous article ASP.Net AJAX Control Toolkit . Now after downloading the zip file, follow these steps: 1.Create a folder AJAX Control Toolkit at path C:rogram Filesicrosoft ASP.NETSP.NET 2.0 AJAX Extensions or the drive where you have installed the Windows on PC. 2.Then extract the files of downloaded Control Toolkit .zip inside new created folder. 3.You will get the following folders and files from the extracted items: -> AjaxControlExtender -> AjaxControlToolkit -> Binaries -> SampleWebSite

79. -> TemplateVSI -> ToolkitTests -> AjaxControlToolkit.sln [Visual Studio Solution file] 4.Double click on AjaxControlToolkit.sln solution file to open it in Visual Studio 2005. It will show a security warning with two project load options: -> Load project for browsing -> Load project normally 5.Select load project normally and click ok.

80. 6. After loading the solution it will display AJAXControlToolkit , SampleWebSite , ToolKitTests , TemplateVSI in the solution explorer. Right click on TemplateVSI and click build. After successful compile and build go to the path X: or C:rogram Filesicrosoft ASP.NETSP.NET 2.0 AJAX ExtensionsJAX Control ToolkitemplateVSIin At this path you will get the fresh build of AjaxControlExtender.vsi 7. Next Right click on SampleWebSite in the solution explorer and Build Web Site to get the fresh copy of AjaxControlToolkit.dll . You will get the fresh AjaxControlToolkit.dll at : X: or C:rogram Filesicrosoft ASP.NETSP.NET 2.0 AJAX ExtensionsJAX Control ToolkitampleWebSitein

81. 8. Now you are ready to add the Control Toolkit in your Visual Studio 2005. First of all go to TemplateVSI bin folder discussed in step 6 and run AjaxControlExtender.vsi. This installer will install the ASP.Net web template that will enable you to create AJAX Control Toolkit Web Site. 9. After installing AjaxControlExtender.vsi , open the Visual Studio 2005 and go for New Web Site, there you will see a new My Template item as AJAX Control Toolkit Web Site, select it and create a new website.

82. HTML

92. Example HTML Code: <p id=&quot;italicsparagraph&quot;>Paragraph type 1 Italics</p> <p id=&quot;boldparagraph&quot;>Paragraph type 2 Bold</p> Classification Attributes: Paragraph type 1 Italics Paragraph type 2 Bold

96. HTML basic commands A Very Simple Web Page Here is a small bit of HTML code that will produce a web page. <html> <head> <title>Basic HTML page</title> </head> <body> <h1>Basic HTML Page</h1> <p>This is a line of regular text.</p> <hr> <p>This is a line of regular text below a horizontal rule.</p> </body> </html>

97. Basic Commands Document Structure <html> </html> HTML documents begin at the first tag and end at the second. These tags tell the browser that what lies between is coded in HTML. <head> </head> Header i nformation goes between these tags. The <title> tags are used to create a title that appears at the top of the browser window. The <meta> tag can be used to help webcrawlers index your site. <body> </body> The contents of the main page are displayed between these tags. You can set various attributes within this tag, including background images and colors and colors for text and links.

98. Body tags <h3> </h3> Medium-sized header line H1 gives the biggest, h6 gives the smallest. Try them out to see which suits any given application. Within this tag, the attribute align= can be set to left, center, or right. For example: <h3 align=&quot;center&quot;> </h3> centers the header. <p> Starts a new paragraph: a blank line followed by a new line. You should use the </p> tag to end the paragraph, but it isn't necessary. <br> or <br /> Starts a new line without a blank line in between. <b> </b> Bold face any text between the tags. <i> </i> Italic face any text between the tags. <u> </u> Underline any text between the tags. Not widely used, because most underlined text on HTML pages is hyperlinks

99. Basic commands:  Superscript any text between the tags.  Subscript any text between the tags. <tt> </tt> Any text between the tags is uniformly spaced: good for aligning columns. <hr> Draws a horizontal line. The attribute size=&quot;50%&quot; (any percent will do) draws a line of that percentage of the screen width. The attribute align= can be used to move the line to left, center, or right. Image, Link, and Comment tags <img src=&quot;filename&quot; alt=&quot;text&quot;> Insert the image file: .jpg, .gif, or .png files are supported by nearly all browsers. The alt tag prints out some text (like the name of the picture) if the web browsercan't display the image for some reason. The alt text is displayed by the &quot;tool tips&quot; function of the browser.

100. Basic commands: h1 align=&quot;center&quot;><img src=&quot;filename&quot; alt=&quot;text&quot;></h1> A little trick to get a centered image: enclose the image inside headline tags, with the align=&quot;center&quot; attribute. <a href=&quot;filename&quot;> Highlighted text </a> Creates a link to the listed file. This can be a path to a file located on the server, or it can be a link to a file on another computer. In the latter case, the file name should start out with &quot;http://&quot;. Instead of the text you can put an <img src=&quot;whatever&quot;> to get a clickable image as a link. This is a common way to putting in buttons. <a href=&quot;filename&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;> Highlighted text </a> The target=&quot;_blank&quot; attribute creates a NEW browser window containing the linked HTML file. Note that the default behavior of an <a href=> tag, if you don't include a &quot;target=&quot; attribute, is to replace the current web page with the new one.

101. Css

102. What is CSS? * CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets * Styles define how to display HTML elements * Styles were added to HTML 4.0 to solve a problem * External Style Sheets can save a lot of work * External Style Sheets are stored in CSS files

107. Three Ways to Insert CSS There are three ways of inserting a style sheet: * External style sheet * Internal style sheet * Inline style

111. different parts: * Margin - Clears an area around the border. The margin does not have a background color, and it is completely transparent * Border - A border that lies around the padding and content. The border is affected by the background color of the box * Padding - Clears an area around the content. The padding is affected by the background color of the box * Content - The content of the box, where text and images appear

113. Sources: CSS information can be provided by various sources. CSS style information can be either attached as a separate document or embedded in the HTML document. * Author styles : inline styles, inside the HTML document, style information on a single element, specified using the &quot;style&quot; attribute. *User style: a local CSS-file specified by the user using options in the web browser, and acting as an override, to be applied to all documents. *User agent style :the default style sheet applied by the user agent, e.g. the browser's default presentation of elements. File highlightheaders.css containing: h1 { color: white; background-color: orange !important; } h2 { color: white; background-color: green !important; }

114. Text-decoration: The text-decoration property specifies how text is decorated. Possible values are: * underline: adds an underline to the text * overline: adds a line on top of the text * line-through: adds a line through the middle of the text. * blink: causes the text to blink . p {text-decoration:underline;} An underline example p {ext-decoration:overline;} An overline example p {text-decoration:line-through;} A strikethrough (line-through) example

115. Word spacing The word-spacing property controls the amount of space between words. For example, with a CSS declaration of, p { word-spacing:5px; } The following HTML, <p>Words here are separated by 5px.</p> renders Words here are separated by 5px.

116. FLOAT: One of the commonly-seen layout, especially in large websites displaying ads, is wrapping the text around an advertising block. This is accomplished using the float property. The float property has three possible values: 'left', 'right', and 'none'. Let's take a look at the following examples: Example 1: Given the CSS declaration, #leftfloat { float:left; } And it should be followed by html codes: <span id=&quot;leftfloat&quot;><img src=&quot;yp.jpg&quot;></span>This example illustrates how float:left affects the appearance of a block. Notice how the image &quot;floats&quot; to the left. This example illustrates how float: left affects the appearance of a block. Notice how the image &quot; floats&quot; to the left.

117. Color property: The color property allows webmasters to define the color of an element in a CSS stylesheet. This property takes values in 3 forms: *Hexadecimal code *RGB *Color name Hexadecimal code: {color:#XXXXXX;} where X is a hexadecimal code. RGB: {color:rgb(X,Y,Z); } where X, Y, and Z are numbers between 0 and 255 Color name: {color:[color_name];}

118. Font-variant The font-variant property specifies whether the font will be displayed in small caps. Small caps mean that all letters will be displayed in the capital case, but the font size is smaller than usual. The possible values are 'small-caps' and 'normal'. Let's look at the example below. With the following CSS, span { font-variant:small-caps; } the HTML code below, <span>initial in small caps</span> AND LATER IN LARGE CAPS. renders initial in small caps AND LATER IN LARGE CAPS.

120. WEB2.0

124. features and techniques in web2.0: Search: Finding information through keyword search . Links: Connects information together into a meaningful information ecosystem using the model of the Web, and provides low- barrier social tools. Authoring: The ability to create and update content leads to the collaborative work of many rather than just a few web authors. In wikis, users may extend, undo and redo each other's work. In blogs, posts and the comments of individuals build up over time.

125. features and techniques: Tags: Categorization of content by users adding &quot;tags&quot; - short, usually one- word descriptions - to facilitate searching, without dependence on pre- made categories. Collections of tags created by many users within a single system may be referred to as &quot;folksonomies&quot; (i.e., folk taxonomies). Extensions: Software that makes the Web an application platform as well as a document server. Signals: The use of syndication technology such as RSS to notify users of content changes.

130. Thank you!!!!