Case study of a conversion to low global warming potential (GWP) alternatives in commercial refrigeration. (Ms. Christianna Papazahariou, Shecco).

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2. natural refrigerants faster to market
commercial refrigeration with low GWP
alternatives
Christianna Papazahariou
UNEP South American Regional Workshop on
Low GWP, Energy Efficient HCFC Replacement
Technologies in the RAC sector
Bogotá, Colombia, April 23, 2010
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3. agenda
๏ about shecco
๏ CO2 commercial refrigeration case study
presentation
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4. about shecco
๏ innovative _ B2B marketing & communications company
๏ focus _ climate friendly technologies
๏ values _ openness, innovation and sustainability
๏ expertise _ HVAC&R and transport sectors
๏ mission _ climate-friendly technologies faster to market
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5. 80+ customers worldwide
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6. R744.com
๏ since Oct ’06
๏ leading B2B
platform for CO2
Technology, mobile
& stationary
heating & cooling
๏ 60 international
partners
๏ 3500+ experts
๏ 100+ products
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7. myR744
๏ world’s only CO2 -
only b2b networking
tool
๏ global map of R744
community
๏ improve B2B and
B2C communications
๏ plan your business
trip & set up
meetings
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8. hydrocarbons21.com
๏ since Feb ’09
๏ international voice
for HC
refrigeration
industry
๏ 2000+ experts
๏ 8 partners incl:
Danfoss,
Mayekawa,
Parker, Embraco,
Earthcare, Hychill,
Sporlan...
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9. ammonia21.com
๏ since Feb ’09
๏ 15 partners
๏ 2 000 experts
๏ services:
๏ news
๏ products/services
๏ directory
๏ knowledge
๏ events
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10. ATMOsphere 2010
๏ Brussels,
September 27-28
๏ before MOP22,
COP16
๏ registration opens
May
๏ funding available
for developing
countries
representatives
๏ ATMOsphere 2011,
Washington DC
๏ ATMOsphere 2012
Shanghai
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11. ATMOsphere 2010
๏ interactive workshop concept where industry meets policy
๏ discussion in small groups containing a mix of all relevant
stakeholders
๏ distribution of outcomes from the workshops in summary
report presented at Chillventa 2010, COP16, 30th OEWG
๏ funded participation of representatives from developing
countries
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12. THENATURALVOICE
๏ 83 supporters
๏ website available in Spanish-
Russian-Japanese
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13. agenda
๏ about shecco
๏ CO2 commercial refrigeration case
study presentation
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14. case study: turkey
๏ Montreal Protocol: Turkey operates under Article 5 - is legally
required to phase out ODS by 2010
๏ good track record on ODS so far: Turkey received MP award as
one of the 9 most successful Article 5 countries in implementing
the treaty
๏ Kyoto Protocol : Turkey signed only recently (Feb 2009) -is not an
Annex B country (not obliged to reduce GHG emissions to 1990
levels between 2008- 2012)
๏ among all Annex I countries,Turkey has the highest rate of
increase in GHG since 1990 (82 %), is the 24th largest carbon
emitting country in the world
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15. case study: bahçelievler carrefour
๏ retailer: Carrefour group - Carrefour Sabancı Ticaret Merkezi A.Ş.,
๏ store location: Istanbul, Turkey
๏ store opening: August 2009
๏ working hours: 10:00 am - 10:00 pm
๏ sales area: 7,778 m2
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16. system type & layout
๏ CO2-R404 cascade system
๏ LT refrigeration: CO2
๏ MT refrigeration: R404a
๏ involved partners:
๏ commission/installation: Cözüm Soğutma
๏ CO2 system design: enEX
๏ CO2 compressors: Dorin (CETINEL)
๏ system management: CAREL
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17. store layout & location of system
๏ CO2 in deep-freeze zones and one island refrigeration system
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18. motivation for switch - overview
๏ technology: feasibility, replacement potential to HCFCs
๏ market: availability, penetration rates, expertise, personnel
๏ environment: ODP, GWP, direct emissions, energy savings
๏ costs: system, installation, operation, maintenance, end-of-
life
๏ safety: reliability, use restrictions, safety regulation
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19. motivation: technology
๏ CO2 cascade systems one of the most consolidated solutions
๏ standardised system and component solutions developed
๏ no major technical challenges left
๏ CO2 has established itself as a preferred cooling fluid in LT
๏ Carrefour: undertook a diagnosis of its refrigeration equipment
and leakage rates and decided for climate-friendly refrigeration
systems in new stores - as replacement for obsolete systems
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20. impact: technology
๏ system uses copper pipes resisting higher pressure
๏ CO2 has a higher volumetric refrigeration capacity than R404a
and needs a significantly smaller pipe diameter
๏ CO2 compressor for cascade system has significantly smaller
dimensions and motor size than comparable R404a DX model
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21. motivation: market
๏ CO2 cascade systems widely available in Europe: several
thousands in Denmark, Scandinavia, Switzerland, Austria,
Germany, UK - now starting in Canada, USA
๏ gained expertise from developed countries can be used by
developing countries and markets not familiar with the systems
๏ components availability and expertise constantly growing
๏ Carrefour: market penetration of CO2 commercial refrigeration
further accelerated with more widely available qualified
contractors. Relevant for countries outside the EU, and more
particularly in Asia and Latin America
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22. motivation: environment
๏ CO2 cascade system eliminates presence of HCFCs and largely
reduces HFC use throughout the entire installation
๏ CO2 occurs naturally, ODP = 0, a GWP = 1
๏ direct emissions: reduced significantly
๏ indirect emissions / energy use: in cascade solutions in warm
climates a highly energy-efficient solution
๏ Carrefour: GHG emissions control is taking priority in the
construction of food retail stores worldwide. Carrefour needs to
retrofit up to 700 stores by 2015 with 500 tones of R22
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23. motivation: environment
๏ Carrefour: “HFC is not a sustainable technology solution in the
long term” and it will be used “only if there are no other
technically feasible, secure, low-cost and environmentally friendly
solutions” to HCFCs
๏ Carrefour supports “the technical developments with natural
fluids and hydrocarbons”
๏ Carrefour: where F-gases are still used - as in this case -
leakages must be reduced as much as possible with a stricter
containment policy
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24. impact: energy use
๏ refrigeration systems take the largest
share of energy consumption in
Carrefour stores up to a floor size of
2500 m2
๏ baseline: 2004 for 25% less energy
consumption by 2020
๏ CO2 cascade system is up to 40%
more energy-efficient than
comparable system used before
(saving: 41,659.20 kW/year)
๏ result: several markets already
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25. motivation: costs
๏ standardisation of systems and components has reduced price for
system design, installation, maintenance
๏ serial production and wider adoption in more world markets will
bring down costs again
๏ higher prices of chemical refrigerants and expected cost from F-
gases legislation make systems still more cost-competitive
๏ Carrefour: decided to invest in CO2 cascade systems because
they have become more affordable & make sense for an investor.
10 stores in France, Belgium, Italy, and Turkey have already been
retrofitted to CO2 refrigeration - up to 700
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26. impact: costs
๏ CO2 installation: similar costs as HFC-only system
๏ further cost reduction expected with more market demand &
economies of scale
๏ compressor: CO2 model 6 times less expensive than R404a
equivalent
๏ operation: savings of 4,700 USD/year from energy bill alone
(compared to system used before)
๏ maintenance: similar costs as HFC-only system; no maintenance
in 10 months needed
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27. motivation: safety
๏ cascade systems with only natural refrigerants available: CO2-
ammonia, CO2-hydrocarbons
๏ all natural refrigerants have been proven to work safely and
reliably when following established safety guidelines
๏ challenge: non-harmonised safety regulation and standards as
regards the use of flammable and toxic substances
๏ Carrefour: decided for an R404 cascade system due to the
inconsistent use of safety standards regarding ammonia and
hydrocarbons as refrigerants
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28. impact: safety & reliability
๏ commission & installation of CO2 refrigeration systems carried out
without major issues
๏ lack of technicians experienced with high-pressure CO2 system
still poses a barrier to wide-spread use
๏ cascade system has been running without any need for
maintenance/repair for 10 months with high reliability
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