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TRADITIONAL USES
Shilajit is an important drug of ancient Hindu materia medica and
extensively used in a variety of diseases.It is classified as a panacea,and has
been used historically for general physical strengthening, anti-aging , blood
sugar stabilizing, libido, injury healing, enhanced brain functioning potency,
support immune system, arthris management, hypertension, obesity ,
leprosy etc. It is also used in parasitic disease of skin and as antiphlogistic.
According to Ayurveda, Shilajit arrests the process of aging and produces
rejuvenation
MODERN MEDICINAL USES
Shilajit shows huge pharmacological actions: Analgesic, nootropic, ant
anxiety or adaptogenic, antiulcer , anti-inflammatory ,antiviral activity,
antimicrobial, immune modulator, spermatogenic and ovogenic effects,
anthelmintic, antidiabetic, antispasmodic, bronchodilator etc.
INTRODUCTION
REFERENCES
SHILAJIT:A potent herbo-mineral drug
Sunita Maka (2011 Batch)
Central Institute of Science and Technology
Sangam Chowk, New Baneshwor, Kathmandu, Nepal
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NOMENCLATURE
Botanical Name: Asphaltum panjabanium, Black asphaltum
Common names: Shilajit (Nepali), Shilajita (Sanskirt), Asphalt
(Enlgish)
Shilajit is a precious product of nature in herbal medicine. ‘Shila’ means
stone and ‘jit’ means exudate. Shilajit is a natural blackish brown exudate
found to be exposed between the cracks in the layers of rocks during the
summer. It is a herbo-mineral with humic acids that are considered
natures own best medicine for plants, animals, human, and the earth
itself.
ORIGIN
It is found in altitudes between 1000 to 5000 meters in high Himalayan
cliffs of Nepal and also been found in similar mountain range in India,
Afghanistan , Bhutan, China, Pakistan, Tibet, Norway, and Russia. It is
believed to be latex gum resin of plants like Styrax officinalis Linn and/or
Euphorbia royleana Boiss, and bryophytes (Barbula, fissidens,
Marchantia etc.) which became trapped and preserved in tallest
mountains during movement of continents.
COLLECTION
collected in May-June or June-July
ORGANOLEPTIC PARAMETERS
Colour : Laccifer Lacca (dark red or blackish brown)
Odor : Smells like cow’s urine
Taste : Salty and bitter in taste
Texture : Soft, slimy to the touch, and heavy
IDENTIFICATION AND PROCESSING
Ancient Ayurveda Acharyas (sage) Charak and Susruta have
characteristically differentiated shilajit into four and six types .They are:
Gold(red variety)-Sauvarna, Silver(white variety)-Rajat, Copper(blue
variety)-Tamra and Iron(blakish brown variety)-Lauha. Lauha shilajit is
common and supposed to be superior. Susruta samhita includes two
more minerals: lead and zinc.
Method of purification: Dissolved in water, filtered and dried. Reverse
osmosis and freeze drying are used by manufacturers to remove free
radicals, mycotoxins and fungal toxins.
Silajit purity test:
Pliability: Melts in hands becoming gooey and sticky, very hard when
placed in fridge.
Solubility: Dissolves completely in warm water or milk creating black
gold or reddish black liquid.
Flame: Will not light on fire or get burned. It will bubble and produce
an ash that emanates outward.
 Bhattacharyya et al., Pharmacology online 2 : 690-698 (2009) SHILAJIT
DIBENZO - ALPHA – PYRONES : MITOCHONDRIA TARGETED
ANTIOXIDANTS
 Carlos Carrasco – Gallardo , Review Article Shilajit : A natural
Phytocomplex with Potential Precognitive Activity, International
Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease Volume 2012, Article ID 674142, 4
pages(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov )
 Mohd. Aamir Mirza1, Shilajit: An Ancient Panacea, International
Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research ,Volume 1,
Issue 1, May 2010 – July 2010, Page 2-11
 Kishor Pant, Bimala Singh, Nagendra Thakur Shilajit: A Humic
Matter Panacea for Cancer International Journal of Toxicological and
Pharmacological Research 2012; 4(2): 17-25
 Mittal P.1*, Kaushik D.1, Gupta V. 2, Bansal P.2, Khokra S.1
Therapeutic Potentials of “Shilajit Rasayana”-A Review ,International
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2009; 1(2): 47-49
Euphorbia royleana Raw shilajit
STANDARDIZATION
Side effects may be seen with unpurified Shilajit which include
generalized burning sensation, peripheral neuritis, syncope, vertigo,
bleeding tendencies, indigestation etc.
Possible contradictions : are hypoglycemia, gout, with heavy foods
Charak Samhita : Contraindicated with Kulthi (Dolichus biflorus) that is
used in treatment of renal calculi.
Toxicity : Crude unprocessed Shilajit may be toxic if they contain
mycotoxins from fungus like Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceous ,
Trichothecium roseum and free radicals.
Shilajit contains more than 85 minerals in ionic form. The constituents
are:
Ozokerite and Alum earth are substance that look like similar to shilajit
and may be used as counterfeit products. Some others include:
 Sand, gum, feces of goat and bitumen
 Mixed with gum of Vanjha
 Momia resembling Shilajit is obtained from some of the mountains in
Arabia and Persia
Substances used as Shilajit in Nepal, Bihar and Bengal in 1844 which
on analysis was found to be Aluminium sulphate.
Shilajit rock, Neem , Guduchi, Vasa , Bhringaraj , Ghritakumari ,
Indrayava, Triphala, Gomutra, Karpura Shilajatu, mud of pond and
some other substances are mixed together and sold as Shilajit.
USE DESCRIPTION
Anti-Alzheimer holds a potential in the treatment of the apparently
untreatable and incurable Alzheimer’s disease
Enlarge
Prostate
It help maintain the balanced flow of testosterone
& help maintain the urine’s flow.
Anti-
ulcerogenic
Ability to decrease gastric acid secretion and
peptic output
Urinary
problems
Effective in treating burning urine, incontinence of
urine due to enlarged prostate or stone in the
bladder or kidney.
Cognition
Enhancer
Nootropic activity,augment learning acquisition
and memory retrieval.
Aphrodisiac Increases core energy responsible for sexual and
spiritual power.
Diabetes Used for the prevention and treatment of diabetes
in Ayurvedic medicine.
Antioxidant A powerful antioxidant that has the added benefit
of being able to cross the blood-brain barrier.
Anti-
inflammatory
Shown to reduce acute chemically induced edema
by 77%.
Anemia Good source of trace minerals and contains iron.
Arthritis The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
help to decrease and relieve joint inflammation
and pain.
Cholesterol Lowers serum cholesterol, liver cholesterol, serum
triglycerides and serum phospholipids
S.
No.
ORGANIC
CONSTITUENTS
CRUDE
SHILAJATU(%)
PURIFIED
SHILAJATU(%)
1. Moisture 12.54 29.03
2. Benzoic acid 06.82 08.58
3. Dibenzo alpha pyrones 0.4-1 -
4. Hippuric acid 05.53 06.13
5. Fulvic acid 3-5 -
6. Fatty acids 02.01 01.30
7. Resin and waxy matter 03.28 02.44
8. Gums 15.59 17.32
9. Albuminoids 19.61 16.12
INORGANIC
CONSTITUENTS
10. Ash 22.88 18.34
11. Silica 4.60 02.69
12. Iron (Fe2O3) 00.51 00.64
13. Alumina (Al2O3) 02.26 02.61
14. Lime(CaO) 06.83 04.82
15. Magnesia (MgO) 01.20 01.20
16. Potash (K2O) 04.60 03.81
17. Sulphuric acid 00.64 00.97
18. Chloride 00.26 00.57
19. Phosphoric acid 00.28 00.24
20. Nitrogen 03.64 03.36
HO
OH
OH
HOOC
O
O
N
OH
O
O
O
N
COOH
R
O
NH
HN
R
O
O
O
O
CHO
O
OH
HO
OH
HO
HOOC
COOH
HO
HO
O
O
O
Humic Acid
OH
HOOC
HOOC
COOH OH O
COOH
COOH CH2OH
COOH
Fulvic Acid
O
OH
N
H
O
O
HO
Hippuric acid
O
HO
Benzoic acid
O
O
OH
3-OH,DBP
O
O
OH
OH
3,8-(OH)2-DBP
O
O
OH
OH
3,8-(OH) 2-DBP-Semiquinone
O
O
O
O
3,8-(OH)2-DBP-Quinone
Dibenzo alpha pyrones
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
USES
SIDE EFFECTS AND SAFETY MEASURES
ADULTERANTS / SUBSTITUENTS
A well standardized shilajit contains fulvic acid 60-70%
Table: 50g shilajit tab. formulation
MARKETED FORMULATIONS
PARAMETERS RESULTS
LOD 105 c %w/w 1.613+_0.336
Total ash (%w/w) 5.765+-0.3385
Acid insoluble ash(%w/v) 0.927+-0.131
Fig : Shilajit capsules
Fig : Shilajit powders