Presentation
On
Practical Training
Submitted To:-
Mr. TARUN NARUKA
Mr. ANKUSH TONDON
Submitted By:-
OMPRAKASH CHOUDHARY

• Thermal Power Plants – 75%
• Hydro Electric Power Plants - 20%
• Nuclear Power Plants - 4%
• Solar power plants – 1%
• Installed wind power Generation – 9655MW
• 30% to 40% of electrical power is lost in
transmission and distribution
Breakup of Power

INTRODUCTION
 The project was proposed by Central Electric Authority of
India in April, 1973.
 The project was revised in 1975 and approved in Sep., 1976.
 At first two units were installed each producing 110 MW of
power.
 The first estimated cost was Rs. 143 Crores.

SALIENT FEATURES
 LOACTION : Sakatpura, Kota
 CAPACITY : 1240 MW.
 GENERAL LAYOUT : 1. Fuel And Ash Circuit.
2. Air And Gas Circuit.
3. Feed Water Steam Circuit.
4. Cooling Water Circuit.
 FUEL USED : Coal
 SOURCE OF COAL : SECL & ECL
 SOURCE OF WATER: CHAMBEL RIVER

K.S.T.P.S. IS DESIGNED IN FIVE STAGES
STAGE I
2x110 MW STAGE Il
2x210 MW
STAGE Ill
1x210 MW
STAGE IV
1x195 MW
STAGE V
1x195 MW
STAGES

Coal
Storage
Coal Handling
Plant
Ash
Storage
Ash Handling
Plant Boiler Super
Heater
Economizer
Air
Pre-heater
Turbine
Chimn
ey
Feed Water
Heater
Deaerator
Cooling
Tower
Make up
Water
Air
Coal
Ash
COAL
ASH
STEAM
WATER
FLUE GASES
Altern
ator
Condenser
Exciter

MAIN AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT
 Wagon Tripler
 Coal Handling Plant
 Crushing System
 pulverizer
 Boiler
 Force and Induced Drought Fan
 Ash handling plant
 Super-heater and re-heaters
 Economizer
 Cooling System
 Steam turbine generator
 Generator
 Switch yard & Control room

WAGON TRIPLER
 Wagons From the coal
yard come to the tippler
and are emptied here.
 The process is
performed by a Slip ring
motor of rating 55KW,
415V, 1480 RPM.
 This motor turns the
wagon by 150 degree and
coal falls directly on the
conveyor through
vibrators

COAL HANDLING PLANT

CRUSHING SYSTEM
 CRUSHER HOUSE:- Its
main function to crush the
coal to 20mm
 Two types
 Primary crusher
o Rail crusher
o Rotary breaker
 Secondary crusher

 Each unit has six pulverizing fuel
mills, each capable of pulverizing 40
tones of coal per hour
 Inside the mills, ten giant hollow steel
rollers crush the coal into a fine
powder
 Crushing the coal into a fine powder
makes easier to burn it more
completely
 By pulverizing the coal combustion
efficiency of coal increases.
PULVERIZER

BOILER
 A boiler or steam generator is a
closed vessel in which water is
converted into steam, under
pressure
 It is the major components of a
thermal power plant.
 Always designed to absorb
maximum amount of heat
released in the process of
combustion.
 Boilers are of two types-
 Fire tube boiler
 Water tube boiler

Figure Boiler

DRAFT SYSTEM
• The circulation of air is caused
by a difference in pressure,
known as Draft.
• Draft is a differential pressure
b/w atmosphere and inside the
boiler.
• It is necessary to cause the flow
of gases through boiler setting
• It may be –
1. Natural draft
2. Mechanical draft

This fan forces the atmospheric air through
the boiler furnace and pushes out the hot
gases from the furnace through
superheater, reheater, economizer and air
heater to stacks.
FORCED DRAFT FAN
PRIMARY AIR FAN:-
Primary air fans (PA) are high pressure fans
used to supply the air for the transportation
of coal directly to the furnace .

 Here a fan called ID fan is
provided at the outlet of
boiler, that is, just before the
chimney.
 This fan sucks hot gases from
the furnace through the
superheaters, economizer,
reheater and discharges gas
into the chimney.
INDUCED DRAFT FAN

ASH HANDLING
Fly ash (80%).
Used for making
bricks.
Cement.
Bottom ash (20%)
Used to improve
fertility.
Roads.
Boiler –Fly Ash Produce
E.S.P. – Bottom Ash

SUPER HEATER
Super heater is used to remove the moisture content
from the steam.
Super heater consist group of tubes.
Super heater raises the temperature of steam above 540
degree C.
Advantages of super heater
1. Increases efficiency
2. Reduces corrosion of turbine blades.

AIR PREHEATER
It is used to preheat the air before
entering into furnace.
It is a heat exchanger in which some
further
heat is extracted from the flue gases
and
use to heat the coming air for
combustion.

• Feed water from the
condensate extraction
pumps passes through
low pressure feed heaters.
Steam is used to heat the
feed water
• After the last feed heater,
the feed water is at
around 160°C.
Low Pressure Feed
Heaters
High Pressure Feed
Heaters
• With a similar purpose to the low
pressure feed heaters, the high
pressure feed heaters are the last
stage of feed water heating before the
feed water enters the boiler system at
the economizer
• Feed water leaving these heaters is at
250°C

ECONOMISER
 Economizer is device which
recover the heat from the flue
gases on their way to chimney.
 Flue gases coming out of the
boiler carry lot of heat.
 An economizer extracts a part
of this heat from flue gases and
uses it for heating feed water.
 This use of economizer results
in saving coal consumption and
higher boiler efficiency

ECONOMISER

COOLING SYSTEM
 In KSTPS hydrogen cooling
system is employed for generator
cooling.
 Hydrogen is used because of its
superior cooling properties & low
density.
 Thermal conductivity of H2 7.3
times of air.
 Seal oil system are used in turbine
for less friction in bearing.
 Water cooling also used for any
kind of fire.

STEAM TURBINE
 It is a machine in which a
shaft is rotated steadily by
reaction of steam, air upon
blades of a wheel.
 When Steam is used then
called steam turbine.

Main Components of Typical
TG SET consists of:
1.Permanent Magnet Generator
(PMG)
2. Automatic Voltage
Regulator
(AVR)
3. BRUSHLESS EXCITER
4. GEAR BOX
5. ALTERNATER
6. TURBINE
TURBINE GENERATOR

PMG
3Ø
supply to
load
AV
R
ɜ
ɜ
3 Ø
AC
ɜ
ɜ
+
-
RECTIFIER
DC
SUPPLY
DC
SUPPLY
STATOR=MAGNET
IC FIELD
ROTOR= EMF STEAM
BRUSHLE
SS
EXCITER
ALTERNATO
R
TURBINE
ROTOR=
FIELD
STATOR
=EMF
WORKING OF TUBINE
GENERATOR
stator
= PM
Field
exciter
switch

Steam Flow
HP Turbine
IP Turbine
LP Turbine
 It convert heat
energy of steam into
mechanical energy
and drive generator.
 It uses the principle
the steam when
issuing from a small
opening attains a
high velocity.

GENERATORS
Generator converted Mechanical Power into Electrical
energy.
The generator is driven by directly coupled a steam
turbine.
The generator stator is a tight construction, supporting
& enclosing the stator winding, core and hydrogen
coolers.

CONTROL ROOM

SWITCH YARD
 Placed where switching operation of power distribution is
performed.
 Air insulated switch yard of 220KV-400KV are used.
 Main Components of Switch Yard:
 Isolator
 Lightening arrester
 Bus bar
 Current Transformer
 Potential Transformer

32
USES OF ISOLATOR
It provide electrical
isolation of the
equipment, bus bar,
and circuit from the
live parts for
maintenance purpose.

LIGHTNING ARRESTER
A lightning arrester is a device used on electrical
power systems to protect the insulation on the system
from the damaging effect of lightning
USES :-
It protect the equipment from
lightning stroke.
Lightning arrester is used to
provide path to unwanted
excessive currents.
33

BUS BAR
 The conductors to which several incoming and
outgoing lines are connected.
 They are made up of Cu & Al.
 The incoming and outgoing cables are provided
for metering purpose.

TRANSFORMERS
 In the whole plant there are about 83
transformer installed at various
places to operate the auxiliaries.
 Main transformers, which are
necessary:
1. To step up the generated voltage.
2. To supply power to the
auxiliaries from the generator.
3. To start the plant by taking the
supply from the grid

CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 These are used to step-down currents for measurement, control &
protection.
 Current transformers are used extensively for measuring current
and monitoring the operation of the power grid.

VOLTAGE TRANFORMER
 VT measure voltage and this parameter used for protection
of system.
 For high voltage CVT (capacitive voltage transformer) is
used instead of VT and capacitors play divider role.
 We can also use these capacitors for PLC system.

 Fuel used is cheaper
 Smaller space is required compared to hydro
power plant
 Economical in initial cost compared to hydro
plants and running costs are less compared to
gas plants or diesel plants
 Thermal plants can be placed near load centers
unlike hydro and nuclear plants. Hence
transmission of power losses can be minimized
 Thermal plants are able to respond to the load
demand more effectively and supports the
performance of the electrical grid
ADVANTAGES OF THERMAL
POWER PLANT