13. Products are the new stuff that is made in the reaction!Reactants Products Chemical reaction is occurring
14. Identifying chemical reactions The release of heat and/or light The formation of a solid when two liquids are mixed together (precipitate)
15. Identifying chemical reactions The change in color when two liquids are poured together The formation of a gas from a liquid solution
16. Chemical Equations Because of the principle of the conservation of matter The chemical equation must be balanced It must have the same number of atoms of the same kind on both sides. C3H8 + O2 CO2 + H2O C = 3 H = 8 O =2 C = 1 H = 2 O = 3
21. Which one of the following is a balanced equation? Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> 2CaO (s) B. 2Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> 2CaO (s) C. 3Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> CaO (s) D. 6Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> 2CaO (s) Secret Question
22. Which one of the following is a balanced equation? Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> 2CaO (s) B. 2Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> 2CaO (s) C. 3Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> CaO (s) D. 6Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> 2CaO (s) Secret Question
23. Which one of the following is a balanced equation? Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> 2CaO (s) B. 2Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> 2CaO (s) C. 3Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> CaO (s) D. 6Ca (s) + O2 (g) -> 2CaO (s) 2O 2Ca and 2O 2Ca Secret Question
24. Symbols Used in Equations Solid (s) Liquid (l) Gas (g) Aqueous solution (aq) Catalyst H2SO4 Change of temperature () Delta
27. Chemical Equations Reactants and Products Al (s) + O2 (g) ---> Al2O3 (s) Stoichiometry: 3O 2 times what equals 3?
28. Chemical Equations Reactants and Products Al (s) + O2 (g) ---> Al2O3 (s) Stoichiometry: 3O 2 times what equals 3? 1.5 but, that is not a whole number… So, what do we do?
29. Chemical Equations Reactants and Products Al (s) + O2 (g) ---> 2Al2O3 (s) Stoichiometry: 6O 2 times what equals 6?
30. Chemical Equations Reactants and Products Al (s) + 3O2 (g) ---> 2Al2O3 (s) Stoichiometry: 6O 2 times what equals 6?
31. Chemical Equations Reactants and Products Al (s) + 3O2 (g) ---> 2Al2O3 (s) Stoichiometry: 4Al 2 times what equals 6?
32. Chemical Equations Reactants and Products 4Al (s) + 3O2 (g) ---> 2Al2O3 (s) Stoichiometry: is the part of chemistry that studies amounts of substances that are involved in reactions.
33. Chemical Equations Fe2O3 = rust Aluminum powder What happens when you mix rust and aluminum? Thermite Reaction
35. Chemical Equations Fe2O3 + 2Al -> 2Fe + Al2O3 Thermite Reaction This reaction needs a lot of heat to get started, but produces far more heat afterwards (> 2000°F)
36. Classifying Reactions Five main types: Synthesis Combustion Decomposition Single displacement Double displacement
37. Synthesis Reaction Two or more substances combine to form another substance. For example: A + B AB 2H2+ O2 2H2O 2 or more simpler substances one more complex substance
38. Decomposition Reactions Opposite of synthesis. One substance breaks down into 2 or more other substances. AB A + B One compound 2 or more simpler substances 2H2O 2H2+ O2 electricity
39. Single Replacement Reaction One element replaces another element in a compound A + BC AC + B Element + compound new element + new compound Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu
40. Double Replacement Reactions Positive ion of one compound replaces the positive ion of the other AB + CD AD + CB 2 compounds 2 new compounds Forms precipitate, covalent compound, or gas AgNO3 (aq) + NaCl (aq) -> AgCl (s) + NaNO3 (aq)
41. Combustion Reaction of a substance with oxygen and a flame If it is combustion of a hydrocarbon, you always get CO2 and H2O (both gases) Oxygen (O2) is always a reactant. C3H8 + 5 O2 -> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + heat