The document provides instructions for students to go through slides that contain questions and answers about summarizing, paraphrasing, and citing sources properly. It emphasizes engaging with source material to understand it rather than just copying. Students are given examples of passages and asked to identify plagiarism issues and explain how to improve use of sources. The document stresses applying these skills, with review of style guides, when writing papers.

1. Instructions: Please go through these
slides as if you were in class. Do your
best to answer each question as it comes
up and write down the answer on a sheet
of paper.
After you’ve done that, move on to the
next slide (which has the answers). No
peeking! If you do not follow this process,
you will not see the mistakes in your
previous thinking, and most likely won’t
retain much information.

2. Imagine that you are the author of a paper on
internet monitoring in the workplace. Read the
following passage from Chris Gonsalves’s article.
On your paper, construct a summary or paraphrase
of the passage. Include an in-text citation (if
necessary).
“While bosses can easily detect and interrupt water-
cooler chatter, the employee who is shopping at
Lands’ End or IMing with fellow fantasy baseball
managers may actually appear to be working.”
Gonsalves, Chris. “Wasting Away on the Web.”
eWeek.com. Ziff Davis Enterprise Holdings, 8 Aug.
2005. Web. 16 Feb. 2009.

3. In-text citation rules:
• True global summaries (i.e. a summary of an entire work) that
reference the author do not need in-text citations. (Because the
source is included in the Works Cited.)
• Summaries of specific sections of a work, paraphrases, quotations,
and specific facts must be cited (because these come from a
specific place in the work, so if someone wants to follow-up on that
work, they need to know where, specifically, it came from).
• Summaries that do not mention the author’s name should be cited.
• Short version:
– True summary that names author in a signal phrase = no in-text citation.
– Author named in a signal phrase = page number only in citation.
– Author not named = author & page number in citation.
– No page numbers = author only in citation.
– No author = title & page number in citatin
– No author & no pages = title only in citation.
– Other variations on these rules, see section 33a of your PSM.

4. How did you do?
Was an in-text citation necessary?
• If your sentence names the author in a signal phrase,
no (because, as you can see from the Works Cited
entry, there are no page numbers).
• If your sentence does not name the author in a signal
phrase, yes (because this is the only way to know
where your information came from).
If my sentence requires an in-text citation, what should it
look like? My sentence goes here (Gonsalves).
If you are confused, return to the previous slide and
review the rules for in-text citations.

5. Copy the following passage word-for-word
(including quotation marks) on your paper.
“In earlier times, surveillance was limited to the
information that a supervisor could observe and
record firsthand and to primitive counting
devices. In the computer age, surveillance can
be instantaneous, unblinking, cheap, and, maybe
most importantly, easy.”
From page 126 of “What Do Employees Think
About Electronic Surveillance At Work?”

6. The selections below are both student attempts to
paraphrase the passage you just copied down. One is an
example of plagiarism, and one is an acceptable
paraphrase. Which is which? & how do you know? (Write
down your answer)
A. B.
Scholars Carl Botan and Mihaela Scholars Carl Botan and Mihaela
Vorvoreanu argue that in earlier Vorvoraneu claim that the nature
times monitoring of employees of workplace surveillance has
was restricted to the information changed over time. Before the
that a supervisor could observe arrival of computers, managers
and record firsthand. In the could collect only small amounts
modern era, monitoring can be of information about their
instantaneous, inexpensive, and, employees based on what they
most importantly, easy (126). saw or heard. However, because
computers are now standard
workplace technology, employers
can monitor employees efficiently
(126).

7. Answer: A is plagiarized. B is an
acceptable paraphrase.
A. (Similarities between original & student’s attempt are underlined
and colored red)
Scholars Carl Botan and Mihaela Vorvoreanu argue that in earlier times
monitoring of employees was restricted to the information that a
supervisor could observe and record firsthand. In the modern era,
monitoring can be instantaneous, inexpensive, and, most importantly,
easy (126).
The structure of the sentence is also exactly the same. Only certain
words have changed.
B. This passage shows that the student first took the time to think
through and understand what the original selection was saying, and
then incorporated the main ideas. Even though the student didn’t use
the authors’ exact words or sentence structure, she still gave the
authors credit for their ideas in her in-text citation.

8. Plagiarism is easy to avoid. It simply requires that
you engage with & seek to understand your sources.
Not just pull quotes or facts from them.
The double-entry note-taking method discussed in
Chapter 3 of The Curious Researcher is a great tool
for helping you do this.
See Section 30 of your Hacker Pocket Style Manual
for more information about avoiding plagiarism.
Remember to use quotations (and be careful!) when
borrowing an author’s words. When summarizing or
paraphrasing, don’t just try to change some words
(copying sentence structures is also plagiarism).

9. Now that you know what plagiarism is, why it
happens, and how to avoid it, review your
summary or paraphrase of the Gonsalves
passage.
Do you notice any problems?
If so, take a moment to try again.

10. The following passage is an example of which
problem (record & explain your answer on your
paper):
A-Engfish
B-Incorrect citation
C-Incomplete “quote sandwich”
D-Plagiarism
1. Some experts have argued that a wide range of
legitimate concerns justifies employer monitoring
of employee Internet usage. “Employees could
accidentally (or deliberately) spill confidential
corporate information…or allow worms to spread
throughout a corporate network” (Tynan).

11. Describe the difference between the passage you just
looked at and this one (bottom). Is the change for
better or worse? Record & explain your answer on
your paper. (Go back to the previous slide to review
the previous passage if you need to)
2. Some experts have argued that employer monitoring of
employees’ Internet usage is justified by a range of
legitimate concerns. As PC World columnist Daniel
Tynan points out, many companies store important
information on their networks. Because of this, those
companies that fail to monitor their employees’ internet
usage risk the release of “confidential corporate
information,” data loss or corruption, and even network
failure (Tynan).

12. Answer: Selection #2 explains the source material
and incorporates it as evidence in the student’s
larger argument. It is an improvement.
Correct answer for previous question: C–
Incomplete “quote sandwich”. In selection #1,
there’s no clear reason for the quote to be there. The
student just put it in and assumed that it would speak
for itself. It doesn’t.
Turn to page 113 of your Hacker Pocket Style
Manual to view another version of this improvement.
Review chapter 3 of The Curious Researcher as well
as sections 30 & 31 of your HPSM to learn more
about integrating (and citing) sources.

13. Review your notes from this PowerPoint
about citation, summary, paraphrase, and
quotation and consider how it applies to
the papers you’ve written.
After you complete this PowerPoint and read
Chapter 3 of The Curious Researcher,
you’ll take a quiz that will, among other
things, as you to write down the changes
you’ll need to make to your I-Search,
Problem Analysis, and the Solution
Proposal (in progress, of course).