The document discusses the evolution of computing devices from mainframes to modern smartphones and tablets. It outlines how personal computers have transitioned from specialized machines accessed through terminals to ubiquitous internet-connected devices incorporating touchscreens, voice control, augmented and virtual reality. The desktop metaphor is disappearing as interactions move beyond mice and keyboards to gesture, audio and touch-based interfaces. Emerging technologies like wearables, smart home devices and augmented reality suggest computing will continue integrating into everyday objects and environments.

1. LECTURE L15
AUGMENTED AND VIRTUAL REALITY

2. Evolution of Computers

3. Mainframes Mini
Computers PC
Time-sharing
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

4. 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Mainframes Mini
Computers PC
Clients
Time-sharing
Servers
Laptops
Server
rooms
Smartphones
Tablets
Music
players
Consumer Products
Data
centers
Mobile
phones
Convergence
Divergence
DecentralisationCentralisation
Mobility
eReaders
Wearables
IoT
New Business Models
Nearables
Internet of Me
Flyables
Utilities

5. 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030
Mainframes Mini
Computers PC
Clients
Time-sharing
Servers
Laptops
Server
rooms
Smartphones
Tablets
Music
players
Consumer Products
Data
centers
Mobile
phones
Convergence
Divergence
DecentralisationCentralisation
Mobility
eReaders
Wearables
IoT
New Business Models
Nearables
Internet of Me
Flyables
Utilities
What next?

6. World fastest computer?

7. Tianhe-2 boasts a speed of 33.86 petaflops
one petaflop is one quadrillion floating-
point calculations per second

8. The Network is the Computer
The Internet cloud
More programs and data is stored on network
servers
The Personal Computer becomes one of the form
factors to access the network
Examples
Amazon API
Google Apps
Facework Platform API

9. Tom Watson was wrong – there
is not room for five computers.
It’s only one

10. What about Moore’s Law?
Shift to multicore started in
2005 – new dimension

11. Move to cloud-core
What about Moore’s Law?
Amazon has over 2.24 million machines in
some 87 data centers (2014 data)

12. $1,279-per-hour, 30,000-core
cluster built on Amazon EC2 cloud
What about Moore’s Law?

13. Google used 16,000 computers to find cats
in YouTube videos
What about Moore’s Law?

14. Miniature Computers
Small devices that have computer power
Wireless capabilities
Dedicated devices
Enough computer power for limited functionality
Examples
RFID
UAV – Unmanned Arial Vehicles
Internet of things
Medical - nano robots

15. The Future of the PC
How long will the Hard Disk Drive last?
Solid state memory is getting bigger
Terabit Flash Memory
Computer architecture will change
More and more devices are
using Flash memory
Driving prices down

16. Tablets

17. Wearables, flyables, drivables, scannables…

18. What is the future of Personal Computers?

19. PC Evolution
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Hardware era
PC, Mac
Software OS era
Windows, Office, MacOS
Internet
Hardware Connects
IBM
Microsoft
Apple
2010
Software web era
Web 2.0, Social
2015
Internet of things
2020
Apple
Google
Smartphone
Wearable
Startups
Facebook
AmazonMicrosoft
Twitter

20. Consumer Devices
The computer and the
Internet
disappear

21. Future of PC
Cloud Computing and home Serves
Everything will be connected: computer, TV, Phone, etc.
Simpler specialised operating systems
Utility computing
Wireless
Ubiquitous network access
Computers will be smaller and integrated into things
New input methods
Better interfaces
Big Brian, Small Brain
Better friction of devices

22. Future of the Desktop Metaphor

23. Early Computers
Goal: Data processing
Read data, process,
write or print

24. Early Computers
Result:
Dramatic Increase in
productivity
Automation

25. Xerox Early GUIs
Goal: Emulate the
office environment
in a computer

26. Macintosh 1984
First commercial
GUI system

27. Macintosh 1984
Result:
More User Friendly
Graphics, fonts, WYSIWYG
Laserprinter

28. Windows 3.0
Business software
migrates to GUIs

29. Windows 95
First consumer targeted
OS

30. Windows 95
Result:
More people, connection
to the Internet

31. Ubuntu
Mac OS X
Windows
More choices, less important
Android
Operating Systems Today

32. 32
Is the desktop metaphor dead?

33. 33

34. Basically file systems
Concept of files, loading and saving
Then with the Internet, the concepts
of uploading and downloading
These concepts are disappearing…
Multistep install process (parts made
by lawyers)
Traditional Operating Systems

35. 35
Forgot to save
your file?

38. What do people do with computes -
desktop, laptop, tablet, smartphone - today?
Communication - talk, messages
Reading
Take/View Photos
Watch Movies
Shopping
Browse the Internet
Read news
Write documents, blogs
Financial transactions
Learning

39. Microsoft Bill Buxton on
Natural User Interfaces
39

41. “My specialty is people.”
– Bill Buxton
41

42. The Next Device

43. IBM 5150 - 35 years ago

44. Macintosh - 32 years ago

45. Dell Desktop PC - Today

46. Lenovo Carbon X1 Laptop - Today

47. Smartphone Netbooks Laptop Desktop
The world in 2010

48. Bluetooth Devices
Lots of devices - communicating
Less friction - just works
Simple and easy to use with
bad security

49. Bluedouche
If it look ugly
on this guy,
it is ugly on you

51. Smartphone Netbooks Laptop Desktop
The world in 2010

52. iPad 2010 - “The iPad Effect”

53. The iPad Effect
Multi-touch input
Software Platform – apps
Real OS
The computer just became
a consumer device
Death of the File System,
Install process

54. The iPad Effect
Tablets are disrupting the netbook/laptop/PC market
Replacing eReaders
Killing papers and magazines - or saving them?
Change in life style
Is this new market disruption also?
What happens when you can access the internet with a $100 device?

55. SOFTWARE
WORK
FOCUS
APPS
VIEW/BROWSE
ENTERTAIN
APPS
CHECK
NOW!
VIDEO
WATCHING
RELAXED
DIGITAL WORLD

56. DIGITAL WORLD
http://wersm.com/facebook-wants-to-be-the-leading-second-screen-app/
87% TV viewers are using a device when watching TV
The traditional TV model
of scheduled TV does not
work anymore
The only thing that works in
TV is live TV and premieres
of major shows - due to Twitter

57. From Mary Meeker’s slide deck.

58. What’s the next device?

60. Device on your arm

61. What’s the next device?
Answer:
Many objects around us will become
“smartobject”
Smartwatch is just one of them

62. Fitness trackers

64. 64
Glasses

65. What happend to Google Glasses?

66. Product was primitive, low quality, very expensive
And not enough people wanted it, social issues
Marketing failure

67. Adjacent Possible
It was not the time - technology not ready

68. Will it come back?
Yes, in some form

70. Microsoft Hololens

72. 72
How can Augmented Reality improve
our life and work?

74. Augmented Reality

76. Virtual Reality Headset

77. Facebook owns Oculus
What is the vision for Facebook of the Future?

79. Adjacent Possible
Really - are phones ready for VR?

81. Future of Game consoles?

83. Microsoft Kinect

87. Gesture-control system
Leap Motion

89. Gesture Control bracelet
Myo

91. Voice Recognition

93. Family robots

95. Amazon Echo

96. 66
Desktop, laptops Mobile, tablets, smartphones
BEFORE Now

97. 67
Desktop metaphor, mouse
keyboard
Gesture, audio, touch
BEFORE Now

99. NEXT:
A WORLD WIDE NETWORK