The document discusses the history of media and entertainment from the late 19th century to present day. It traces the evolution from live and participatory entertainment to broadcast one-to-many media like radio and television. The advent of recording technologies in the late 19th/early 20th century began shifting entertainment from a participatory activity to a consumer one. The document then covers the rise of broadcast television and how it became a dominant form of entertainment and information. It discusses how the internet and digital technologies disrupted traditional broadcast models and allowed content to escape traditional forms of distribution. This led to new peer-to-peer and user generated forms of media as well as new business models.
10. EARLY ENTERTAINMENT
"The wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value.
Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?"
-- David Sarnoff's associates in response to
his urgings for investment in the radio in the 1920s.
11. Music was performed live
Story telling
People got together to sing the
songs of the day
Live culture - experiences
Participation: everyone was
an entertainer
Early Entertainment
14. Emile Berliner’s
Gramophone 1889
Famous artists were recorded, to be
played by everyone again and again
Entertainment becomes a profession
or the few
Everyone else becomes a consumer
15. First radio
broadcasts 1906
Commercial radio broadcasting starts
in 1920s
Public’s need for information and
entertainment
Equipment manufactures
http://www.tuberadioland.com/westinghouseWR-30_main.html
Westinghouse Model WR-30 Gothic
Style Tombstone Radio (1933)
Amateur operators - hobbyists
16. ENTER THE TV
"The wireless music box has no imaginable commercial value.
Who would pay for a message sent to nobody in particular?"
-- David Sarnoff's associates in response to
his urgings for investment in the radio in the 1920s.
17. First steps
John Logie Baird
Scottish inventor
Experimented with wireless
transmission of images
All enabling technologies were
becoming available
First public television broadcast
was 27. January 1926 in
London
18.
19. TV broadcast start in the 1930s
BBC starts broadcasts in 1936
Slow increase in consoles
Lack of standard
Early TV
20. Color in the 50s
RCA begins production of its
first color TV set for consumers
Low quality
Very expensive
Color TV
21. In 1950 a market has emerged
US data:
1946 there are 20.000 TVs,
18 stations
1953 there are over 20
million TVs – 44% of
households, 300 stations
TV in Iceland in 1966
Rise of a TV Market
22. Golden Age of TV
Linear TV provided by national channels
23.
24.
25. Media in the 20th Century
Print Radio TV CD/DVDs
1900 2000
Analog, Broadcast, One-2-many, copies to sell
26. You need help, here is a product for you
Media in the 20th Century
29. TV Watching
On average, individuals in the industrialised world
devote three hours a day to watching TV
30. TV Watching
On average, individuals in the industrialised world
devote three hours a day to watching TV
31. Gallup poll on TV Watching
Two out of five adult respondents and seven out of 10 teenagers
said they spent too much time watching TV
Usually people are embarrassed to admit to watching much TV
TV Watching
32. A Formula for Addiction
TV is passive and relaxing
Reduces alertness
Effect is fast
Trigger - Behaviour - Reward - Repeat
Problem: TV addiction
35. 23% of UK teenagers claim to watch less TV and
15% admit they read fewer books now that they
have smartphones
A Formula for Addiction
36. 1900 2000
Edison’s
Phonograph
1877
Emile Berliner’s
Gramophone
1889
Radio
Broadcasts
1920s
TV
Broadcasts
1940s
The Record
Industry - LPs
1950s
CDs
1980s
DVDs
1990s
The Broadcast Century
One 2 Many, broadcasting by professionals
Read-only culture, consumers and producers
Established business models
37. 1900 2000
Edison’s
Phonograph
1877
Emile Berliner’s
Gramophone
1889
Radio
Broadcasts
1920s
TV
Broadcasts
1940s
The Record
Industry - LPs
1950s
CDs
1980s
DVDs
1990s
Ad revenue from broadcasting
Subscription to a closed network like cable, set-top boxes
Sell a product
Business Models
42. Analog Standards
NTSC, PAL, SECAM
TVs supported different standards
Broadcast:
VHF (54-88 MHz, 174-216 MHz)
UHF (470 to 890 MHz)
Cable
Most countries switched off analogue transmission 2007-2009
Source: HowStuffWorks.com
43. Source: HowStuffWorks.com
Digital TV
DVB, ATSC, ISDB, DTMB, DBM
H.262/MPEG …
Transmitted
Radio, satellites, cables, fiber, ADSL or Web
Benefits
Better picture and better sound – more resolution
Better use of bandwidth using compression
TV becomes a software problem - who cares about standards anymore
46. DIGITAL
FORMAT
1900 2000
Edison’s
Phonograph
1877
Emile Berliner’s
Gramophone
1889
Radio
Broadcasts
1920s
TV
Broadcasts
1940s
The Record
Industry - LPs
1950s
CDs
1980s
DVDs
1990s
The Internet Revolution Starts
INTERNET
Disruptive changes to established business models
49. Digital video recorders (DVRs)
Recording television transmissions for later viewing
Examples
TiVo, ReplayTV, DirectTV
Time shift
50. Watch your TV everywhere in the world
Technology that allows you to watch your TV over the Internet
Slingbox
Place Shift
51.
52. Pictures from
www.oscar.com
VoD - Video-on-demand
Goodbye to of the Video Store
Change in distribution of content
Delivered over the Internet, ADSL
or cable, including fibre
Video On Demand
53. THE
DIGITAL DECADE
THE CONTENT
ESCAPES
THE FORM
INTERNET
DISRUPTION
BEGINS
DIGITAL
FORMAT
1900 2000
Edison’s
Phonograph
1877
Emile Berliner’s
Gramophone
1889
Radio
Broadcasts
1920s
TV
Broadcasts
1940s
The Record
Industry - LPs
1950s
CDs
1980s
DVDs
1990s
The Digital Decade
Analogue formats become digital
The content escapes the form
54. The Digital Decade
As bandwidth
increases so does the
possibilities
Sharing MP3, shows,
then movies and finally
streaming
57. The Digital Age of TV
New players enter the market
Netflix will spend between $7 billion and $8 billion on content in 2018
58. From Hollywood to Internet
companies
From cable or broadcasting to
Over The Top (OTT)
The distributor does not have any
control of the content
59. Netflix accounts for 35%
of Internet traffic
People spend 1
billion hours / month
watching Netflix
Streaming Videos
60. 500 hours of video are uploaded to YouTube alone every minute
It would take an individual over 5 million years to watch the amount of
video that will cross global IP networks each month in 2019
Every second, nearly a million minutes of video content will cross the
network by 2019
Globally, consumer internet video traffic will be 80 percent of all
consumer Internet traffic in 2019, up from 64 percent in 2014
Internet Video - “Over the Top”
Realse, Cisco
61.
62. Source: Economist - Coming soon
End of an Era
Digital Content is causing disruptions in the
conventional value chain
DVD sales are slowing
Distribution of content is going to digital
mediums
63. Traditional Broadcast TV Declines
Television consumption by 16 to
24-year-olds fell for the third year
in a row
On average they watched 148
minutes per day last year,
compared with 169 minutes in
2010 (UK data)
74. Since the 1940s people have been passively consuming TV
Now people are learning how to use free time more constructively for
creative acts rather than consumptive ones, particularly with the advent
of online tools that allow new forms of collaboration
Cognitive Surplus is about the management of free time
With all the access to online activity that the Internet, the web and
smartphone brought people are now turning their free time from
consumption of media to more engaging activities
Cognitive Surplus
93. What percentage of the top 10,000 titles
in any online media store (Netflix, iTunes,
Amazon, or any other) will rent or sell at
least once a month?
99%
106. Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg
PewDiePie
Swedish video game commentator
Annual Earnings: $7 million
Subscribers: 42,102,216
Views: 11,187,386,766
107.
108.
109.
110.
111. MANY 2 MANY:
PEER INTERACTION
ESTABLISHED
BUSINESS MODELS
GET DISRUPTED
READ WRITE CULTURE
ONE 2 MANY:
BROADCASTING
BUSINESS
MODELS GET
ESTABLISHED
READ ONLY CULTURE
BEFORE NOW
CONTROLLED BY
GATEKEEPERS
CONTROLLED BY
CONSUMERS/PRODUCERS
112. THE
DIGITAL DECADE
THE CONTENT
ESCAPES
THE FORM
INTERNET
DISRUPTION
BEGINS
DIGITAL
FORMAT
1900 2000
Edison’s
Phonograph
1877
Emile Berliner’s
Gramophone
1889
Radio
Broadcasts
1920s
TV
Broadcasts
1940s
The Record
Industry - LPs
1950s
CDs
1980s
DVDs
1990s
The Digital Decade
Analogue formats become digital
The content escapes the form
113. THE
DIGITAL DECADE
THE CONTENT
ESCAPES
THE FORM
INTERNET
DISRUPTION
BEGINS
DIGITAL
FORMAT
1900 2000
CDs
1980s
DVDs
1990s
THE
TRANSFORMATION
DECADE
BUSINESS MODELS
CHANGE
SMARTPHONES
REAL TIME SOFTWARE
CLOUD AND AI
2010
The Digital Decade
Analogue formats become digital
The content escapes the form
114. THE
DIGITAL DECADE
THE CONTENT
ESCAPES
THE FORM
INTERNET
DISRUPTION
BEGINS
DIGITAL
FORMAT
1900 2000
CDs
1980s
DVDs
1990s
THE
TRANSFORMATION
DECADE
BUSINESS MODELS
CHANGE
SMARTPHONES
REAL TIME SOFTWARE
CLOUD AND AI
2010
The Transformation Decade
Business models change, those ready will win
Your gatekeeper is now an AI