The document discusses the concept of the adjacent possible, which is the idea that inventions emerge when the necessary enabling technologies are available to support them. It provides examples throughout history of how this has occurred, such as the telephone being invented in 1876 because the necessary technologies of electricity, wires, and batteries were available, whereas they were not in 1826. It also discusses concepts like Moore's Law, exponential growth, enabling technologies, prevailing technologies, layers of technology, and how perceptions of what is possible can limit or enable new innovations.
2. The S-curve
Based on the notion of the Technical Life Cycle
Improvements in
performance varies
throughout the life
of the technology
3. Number of transistors on
an integrated circuit will double
in about 18-24 months
Moore’s Law
4. The Law of Accelerating Returns
Evolution applies positive feedback in that the more
capable methods resulting from one stage of
evolutionary progress are used to create the next
stage.
As a result, the rate of progress of an evolutionary
process increases exponentially over time.
11. Why was the telephone invented in 1876, but
not 1826 or 1926?
With electricity, wires, batteries and with the
workmanship and tools and with the knowledge of
these, at the time, it was possible in 1876 to create
a working telephone
Think about this!
14. Adjacent Possible
Inventions have their time in history
due to the possibilities of the
environment at any given time
Steven Johnson
15. Inventions tend to happen within the
boundaries of the adjacent possible,
or the realm of possibilities available
at any given moment
Steven Johnson
Adjacent Possible
16. ...a kind of shadow future, hovering on
the edges of the present state of
things, a map of all the ways in which
the present can reinvent itself
Steven Johnson
Adjacent Possible
23. Machine to compute polynomials
Got grants but efforts were slow
Lack of workmanship of the time
delayed the project
Worked stopped 1833
Difference Engine
24.
25. Analytical engine
Babbage started on a new machine in 1834
Programmable machine – with
primitive programming language
Input was in punched cards
Run by steam
26. Augusta Ada Byron
Countess of Lovelace
Mathematician and
scientist
Worked with Babbage on
his Analytical Engine
The first programmer
27.
28. Notes by the Translator
Ada wrote notes on the Analytical machine
1. General purpose machine - mill to
calculate, store to keep data, and
formulas
2. Machine was not limited to math -
could by any symbol - words, logic,
music
3. Step by step instructions - programs,
subroutines
29. The Analytical Engine was a failure
It was never built
It was not possible of the time
Adjacent Possible
37. “Left to his own devices he couldn’t build a toaster.
He could just about make a sandwich
and that was it.”
— Mostly Harmless, Douglas Adams, 1992
38.
39.
40. “And that was something that reoccurred
throughout the project, was, the smaller the scale
you want to work on, the further back in time you
have to go”
— Thomas Thwaites
50. “The most important single
central fact about a free market
is that no exchange takes place
unless both parties benefit.”
— Milton Friedman
51.
52. The Law of Disappearing Technology
When some technique is mastered, it
will “disappear” as something
obvious and trivial, and other more
useful things that are built on top of it
62. The Prevailing Technology Trap
Current and dominant technology will highly
influence new innovation, and can even restrict
them
Innovators are so influenced by the current
technologies that they will try to work according
to them, including their limitations
66. Two Waves of Products Development
In the first wave the product is
restricted by the prevailing
technology, but in the second,
there is something new
67. Web 1.0 Web 2.0
Two Waves of Products Development
70. Perception of Technology
The current state of technology
very much creates our
perception of what we think is
possible and at the same time
limits our ability to invent
72. Perception of Technology
In 2000, talking about the future of
the car as being electric and self-
driving was outrageous
Any fool that would suggest this was
laughed to scorn