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Linked Data on the Web
Query Processing ∙ Trustworthiness

                        Olaf Hartig
What is
                              linked data
                                   ?

                                                                               2
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
The classic Web:




                                                     Data exposed
                                                      to the Web
                                                       via HTML

                             CIA World
                                                                               MovieDB
                             Factbook
                                                                                         3
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
The classic Web:
  Information from
     single pages
  can be found via
   search engines




                                                                               4
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
The classic Web:

                                How about complex queries over
                                multiple pages / data sources?


                  What documentaries
            are filmed in countries with an
           unemployment rate above 10%?


                                                                               Impossible.
                                                                                             5
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
What do we actually want?

                   Use the Web like a
                 single global database



         CIA World
                                                                               MovieDB
         Factbook
                                                                                         6
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Linked data enables such a
                                                        Web of data




         CIA World
                                                                               MovieDB
         Factbook
                                                                                         7
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Linked data enables such a
                                            Web of data
                     Global Identifier: URI

                                                                               http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary




    http://cia..../Albania


                                                                               http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu




         CIA World
                                                                                                    MovieDB
         Factbook
                                                                                                                      8
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Linked data enables such a
                                            Web of data
                     Global Identifier: URI
                     Data Model: RDF
                                                                               http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary



                                                                                                         quot;War Childquot;
    http://cia..../Albania                                                        http://.../genre
                                                                                                     http://.../name
http://.../unemp_rate
                                                                               http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu
 13.2 %




         CIA World
                                                                                                      MovieDB
         Factbook
                                                                                                                       9
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Linked data enables such a
                                            Web of data
                     Global Identifier: URI
                     Data Model: RDF
                     Access Mechanism: HTTP                                    http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary



                                                                                                         quot;War Childquot;
    http://cia..../Albania                                                        http://.../genre
                                                                                                     http://.../name
http://.../unemp_rate
                                                                               http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu
 13.2 %




         CIA World
                                                                                                      MovieDB
         Factbook
                                                                                                                       10
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Linked data enables such a
                                            Web of data
                     Global Identifier: URI
                     Data Model: RDF
                     Access Mechanism: HTTP                                             http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary

                     Connection: Typed Links
                                                                                                                  quot;War Childquot;
                                              http:
    http://cia..../Albania                                                                 http://.../genre
                                                      //.../f
                                                             ilmin
                                                                                                              http://.../name
                                                                     g_lo
                                                                            catio
http://.../unemp_rate                                                               n
                                                                                        http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu
 13.2 %




         CIA World
                                                                                                               MovieDB
         Factbook
                                                                                                                                11
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Linked data enables such a
                                            Web of data
                     Global Identifier: URI
             What documentaries
           Data Model: RDF
       are filmedMechanism: HTTP http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary
           Access in countries with an
      unemployment rate Links
           Connection: Typed above 10%?
                                                                                                                  quot;War Childquot;
                                              http:
    http://cia..../Albania                                                                 http://.../genre
                                                      //.../f
                                                             ilmin
                                                                                                              http://.../name
                                                                     g_lo
                                                                            catio
http://.../unemp_rate                                                               n
                                                                                        http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu
 13.2 %




         CIA World
                                                                                                               MovieDB
         Factbook
                                                                                                                                12
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
How do we
 query the whole
Web of linked data
   efficiently?
                                                                               13
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Contribution (I):
              Efficient query
             processing in the
               Web of data
                                                                               14
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location                                                                   ?country .

                                                                                      http://.../unemp_rate
                                                ?country                                                                          ?u .
     Query

    http://cia..../Albania
                                                                                                       http://...imdb.../genres/Drama
                                                   htt
                                                       p:
                                                            / /. .
                                                                     ./fi
                                                                            lm
                                                                              in g
                                                                                                                                  quot;In Betweenquot;
                                                                                     _lo
                                                                                           ca              http://.../genre
                                                                                             tio
                                                                                                   n
                                                                                                                              http://.../name
                                          http://.../fil
 http://cia..../Canada                                        ming_loca
                                                                                       tion
                                                                                                       http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie



     Data



                                                                                                                                                15
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location                                                                   ?country .

                                                                                      http://.../unemp_rate
                                                ?country                                                                          ?u .
     Query

    http://cia..../Albania
                                                                                                       http://...imdb.../genres/Drama
                                                   htt
                                                       p:
                                                            / /. .
                                                                     ./fi
                                                                            lm
                                                                              in g
                                                                                                                                  quot;In Betweenquot;
                                                                                     _lo
                                                                                           ca              http://.../genre
                                                                                             tio
                                                                                                   n
                                                                                                                              http://.../name
                                          http://.../fil
 http://cia..../Canada                                        ming_loca
                                                                                       tion
                                                                                                       http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie



     Data

 Challenge: Intermediate results drive the
 discovery of further, potentially relevant data
                                                                                                                                                16
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location                                                                   ?country .

                                                                                      http://.../unemp_rate
                                                ?country                                                                          ?u .
     Query

    http://cia..../Albania
                                                                                                       http://...imdb.../genres/Drama
                                                   htt
                                                       p:
      http://.../unemp_rate                                 / /. .
                                                                     ./fi
                                                                            lm
                                                                              in g
                                  13.2 %                                                                                          quot;In Betweenquot;
                                                                                     _lo
                                                                                           ca              http://.../genre
                                                                                             tio
                                                                                                   n
                                                                                                                              http://.../name
                                          http://.../fil
 http://cia..../Canada                                        ming_loca
                                                                                       tion
                                                                                                       http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie
            http://.../unemp_rate

                                        6%
     Data

 Challenge: Intermediate results drive the
 discovery of further, potentially relevant data
                                                                                                                                                17
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Is the data
                      trustworthy?

                                                                               18
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Contribution (II):
     Trustworthiness in
      the Web of data
 Representing ∙ Determining ∙ Accessing

                                                                               19
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
What is trustworthy Web data?
                Trustworthiness of RDF statements
              is the subjective belief or disbelief
                in the truth of the statements.




                                                                               20
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
What is trustworthy Web data?
                Trustworthiness of RDF statements
              is the subjective belief or disbelief
                in the truth of the statements.



                                                                     uncertainty




 disbelief                                                                             belief
            -1                                                                     0   1
                                                                                            21
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary



                                                                                                                     quot;War Childquot;
                                              http:
     http://cia..../Albania                                                                   http://.../genre
                                                      / / . . ./ f
                                                                  ilmin
                                                                                                                 http://.../name
                                                                          g_lo
                                                                                 catio
 http://.../unemp_rate                                                                 n
                                                                                           http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu
    13.2 %




                                                                                                                                   22
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary



                                                                                                                     quot;War Childquot;
                                              http:
     http://cia..../Albania                                                                   http://.../genre
                                                      / / . . ./ f
                                                                  ilmin
                                                                                                                 http://.../name
                                                                          g_lo
                                                                                 catio
 http://.../unemp_rate                                                                 n
                                                                                           http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu
    13.2 %




    TrustFct
                                                                                                                                   23
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary



                                                                                                                          quot;War Childquot;
                                              http:
     http://cia..../Albania                                                                        http://.../genre
                                                      / / . . ./ f
                                                                  ilmin
                                                                                                                      http://.../name
                                                                          g_lo
                                                                                 catio
 http://.../unemp_rate                                                                 n
                                                                                               http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu
    13.2 %




    TrustFct(                                                                                            )
                                                                          http://cia..../Albania

                                                                     http://.../unemp_rate

                                                                        13.2 %




                                                                                                                                        24
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary



                                                                                                                          quot;War Childquot;
                                              http:
     http://cia..../Albania                                                                        http://.../genre
                                                      / / . . ./ f
                                                                  ilmin
                                                                                                                      http://.../name
                                                                          g_lo
                                                                                 catio
 http://.../unemp_rate                                                                 n
                                                                                               http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu
    13.2 %




    TrustFct(                                                                                ,)
                                                                          http://cia..../Albania

                                                                     http://.../unemp_rate

                                                                        13.2 %




                                                                                                                                        25
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary



                                                                                                                          quot;War Childquot;
                                              http:
     http://cia..../Albania                                                                        http://.../genre
                                                      / / . . ./ f
                                                                  ilmin
                                                                                                                      http://.../name
                                                                          g_lo
                                                                                 catio
 http://.../unemp_rate                                                                 n
[0.8]                                                                                          http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu
    13.2 %




    TrustFct(                                                                                , ) = 0.8
                                                                          http://cia..../Albania

                                                                     http://.../unemp_rate

                                                                        13.2 %




                                                                                                                                        26
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Trust assessment
                                                 strategies

                User-based                                                     3 Party-based
                                                                                rd



                                                Provenance-based



                                                                                               27
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Trust requirements in queries:

  http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location                                                      ?country .

     Query

     Data
                                             http://cia..../China
                                                               htt
                                                                            p: //
                                                                                    . .. /f
                                                                                           il m
                                                                    [- 0.7]                    i ng
                                                                                                      _lo
                                                 http:
          http://cia..../Albania                         //.../fi                                         catio
                                                                    lming                                       n
                                                                            _loca
                                                                                 tion
                                                  [0.8]
                                                                                    http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie
                                                                             cation
                                                                     _lo
                                                              ilming
                                                          ./f
                                                 ttp://..
                                             h
                                                            [0.68]
 http://cia..../Canada




                                                                                                                                 28
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Trust requirements in queries:

  http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location                                                      ?country .
                                             [0.5 , 1.0]
     Query

     Data
                                             http://cia..../China
                                                               htt
                                                                            p: //
                                                                                    . .. /f
                                                                                           il m
                                                                    [- 0.7]                    i ng
                                                                                                      _lo
                                                 http:
          http://cia..../Albania                         //.../fi                                         catio
                                                                    lming                                       n
                                                                            _loca
                                                                                 tion
                                                  [0.8]
                                                                                    http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie
                                                                             cation
                                                                     _lo
                                                              ilming
                                                          ./f
                                                 ttp://..
                                             h
                                                            [0.68]
 http://cia..../Canada




                                                                                                                                 29
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Trust requirements in queries:

  http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location                                                      ?country .
                                             [0.5 , 1.0]
     Query

     Data
                                             http://cia..../China
                                                               htt
                                                                            p: //
                                                                                    . .. /f
                                                                                           il m
                                                                    [- 0.7]                    i ng
                                                                                                      _lo
                                                 http:
          http://cia..../Albania                         //.../fi                                         catio
                                                                    lming                                       n
                                                                            _loca
                                                                                 tion
                                                  [0.8]
                                                                                    http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie
                                                                             cation
                                                                     _lo
                                                              ilming
                                                          ./f
                                                 ttp://..
                                             h
                                                            [0.68]
 http://cia..../Canada




                                                                                                                                 30
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Thank you!




                                                                               31
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
Attribution:

                            http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrfaber/247946146/
                            www.opte.org
                            http://www.flickr.com/photos/hartkopf/1586832162/




                                                                                32
Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)

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Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data

  • 1. Linked Data on the Web Query Processing ∙ Trustworthiness Olaf Hartig
  • 2. What is linked data ? 2 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 3. The classic Web: Data exposed to the Web via HTML CIA World MovieDB Factbook 3 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 4. The classic Web: Information from single pages can be found via search engines 4 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 5. The classic Web: How about complex queries over multiple pages / data sources? What documentaries are filmed in countries with an unemployment rate above 10%? Impossible. 5 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 6. What do we actually want? Use the Web like a single global database CIA World MovieDB Factbook 6 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 7. Linked data enables such a Web of data CIA World MovieDB Factbook 7 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 8. Linked data enables such a Web of data Global Identifier: URI http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary http://cia..../Albania http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu CIA World MovieDB Factbook 8 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 9. Linked data enables such a Web of data Global Identifier: URI Data Model: RDF http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary quot;War Childquot; http://cia..../Albania http://.../genre http://.../name http://.../unemp_rate http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu 13.2 % CIA World MovieDB Factbook 9 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 10. Linked data enables such a Web of data Global Identifier: URI Data Model: RDF Access Mechanism: HTTP http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary quot;War Childquot; http://cia..../Albania http://.../genre http://.../name http://.../unemp_rate http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu 13.2 % CIA World MovieDB Factbook 10 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 11. Linked data enables such a Web of data Global Identifier: URI Data Model: RDF Access Mechanism: HTTP http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary Connection: Typed Links quot;War Childquot; http: http://cia..../Albania http://.../genre //.../f ilmin http://.../name g_lo catio http://.../unemp_rate n http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu 13.2 % CIA World MovieDB Factbook 11 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 12. Linked data enables such a Web of data Global Identifier: URI What documentaries Data Model: RDF are filmedMechanism: HTTP http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary Access in countries with an unemployment rate Links Connection: Typed above 10%? quot;War Childquot; http: http://cia..../Albania http://.../genre //.../f ilmin http://.../name g_lo catio http://.../unemp_rate n http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu 13.2 % CIA World MovieDB Factbook 12 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 13. How do we query the whole Web of linked data efficiently? 13 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 14. Contribution (I): Efficient query processing in the Web of data 14 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 15. http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location ?country . http://.../unemp_rate ?country ?u . Query http://cia..../Albania http://...imdb.../genres/Drama htt p: / /. . ./fi lm in g quot;In Betweenquot; _lo ca http://.../genre tio n http://.../name http://.../fil http://cia..../Canada ming_loca tion http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie Data 15 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 16. http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location ?country . http://.../unemp_rate ?country ?u . Query http://cia..../Albania http://...imdb.../genres/Drama htt p: / /. . ./fi lm in g quot;In Betweenquot; _lo ca http://.../genre tio n http://.../name http://.../fil http://cia..../Canada ming_loca tion http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie Data Challenge: Intermediate results drive the discovery of further, potentially relevant data 16 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 17. http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location ?country . http://.../unemp_rate ?country ?u . Query http://cia..../Albania http://...imdb.../genres/Drama htt p: http://.../unemp_rate / /. . ./fi lm in g 13.2 % quot;In Betweenquot; _lo ca http://.../genre tio n http://.../name http://.../fil http://cia..../Canada ming_loca tion http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie http://.../unemp_rate 6% Data Challenge: Intermediate results drive the discovery of further, potentially relevant data 17 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 18. Is the data trustworthy? 18 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 19. Contribution (II): Trustworthiness in the Web of data Representing ∙ Determining ∙ Accessing 19 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 20. What is trustworthy Web data? Trustworthiness of RDF statements is the subjective belief or disbelief in the truth of the statements. 20 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 21. What is trustworthy Web data? Trustworthiness of RDF statements is the subjective belief or disbelief in the truth of the statements. uncertainty disbelief belief -1 0 1 21 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 22. http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary quot;War Childquot; http: http://cia..../Albania http://.../genre / / . . ./ f ilmin http://.../name g_lo catio http://.../unemp_rate n http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu 13.2 % 22 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 23. http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary quot;War Childquot; http: http://cia..../Albania http://.../genre / / . . ./ f ilmin http://.../name g_lo catio http://.../unemp_rate n http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu 13.2 % TrustFct 23 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 24. http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary quot;War Childquot; http: http://cia..../Albania http://.../genre / / . . ./ f ilmin http://.../name g_lo catio http://.../unemp_rate n http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu 13.2 % TrustFct( ) http://cia..../Albania http://.../unemp_rate 13.2 % 24 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 25. http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary quot;War Childquot; http: http://cia..../Albania http://.../genre / / . . ./ f ilmin http://.../name g_lo catio http://.../unemp_rate n http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu 13.2 % TrustFct( ,) http://cia..../Albania http://.../unemp_rate 13.2 % 25 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 26. http://...imdb.../genres/Documentary quot;War Childquot; http: http://cia..../Albania http://.../genre / / . . ./ f ilmin http://.../name g_lo catio http://.../unemp_rate n [0.8] http://...imdb.../data/WarChildDocu 13.2 % TrustFct( , ) = 0.8 http://cia..../Albania http://.../unemp_rate 13.2 % 26 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 27. Trust assessment strategies User-based 3 Party-based rd Provenance-based 27 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 28. Trust requirements in queries: http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location ?country . Query Data http://cia..../China htt p: // . .. /f il m [- 0.7] i ng _lo http: http://cia..../Albania //.../fi catio lming n _loca tion [0.8] http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie cation _lo ilming ./f ttp://.. h [0.68] http://cia..../Canada 28 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 29. Trust requirements in queries: http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location ?country . [0.5 , 1.0] Query Data http://cia..../China htt p: // . .. /f il m [- 0.7] i ng _lo http: http://cia..../Albania //.../fi catio lming n _loca tion [0.8] http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie cation _lo ilming ./f ttp://.. h [0.68] http://cia..../Canada 29 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 30. Trust requirements in queries: http://...imdb.../InBetweenMovie http://.../filming_location ?country . [0.5 , 1.0] Query Data http://cia..../China htt p: // . .. /f il m [- 0.7] i ng _lo http: http://cia..../Albania //.../fi catio lming n _loca tion [0.8] http://...imdb.../data/InBetweenMovie cation _lo ilming ./f ttp://.. h [0.68] http://cia..../Canada 30 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 31. Thank you! 31 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)
  • 32. Attribution: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrfaber/247946146/ www.opte.org http://www.flickr.com/photos/hartkopf/1586832162/ 32 Query Processing and Trustworthiness in the Web of Linked Data (Olaf Hartig)