1. Cyberpolitics Week 4: Democracy and public sphere

2. Democracy - of the people, by the people, for the people

3. Robert Dahl (1998) On democracy: 1. Effective participation and ability for citizens to make their views known; 2. Equal opportunities to participate in voting; 3. a reasonable amount of time to learn about alternative policies and their implications; 4. ability to control the agenda; 5. the inclusion of all adults.

4. Three approaches to democracy: Liberal individualism Communitarianism Deliberative democracy

5. Liberal individualism Internet as information pool and voting tool

6. Communitarianism Internet as a virtual community and networks

7. Deliberative democracy Internet as e-agora

8. Jugen Habermas

9. Public sphere and agora

10. Public sphere: e.g Cafe, early newspapers Private sphere State power

12. Marker Stage 1 500-420 BCE Stage 2 1700-2000 CE Stage 3 2000 - ? CE Scale Economy Technical mediation Citizen consciousness Political form City-state (250,000) Nation-state (300M) Global Union (6B) Market Capitalism Global capitalism Face to face speech, Hand written Mass broadcast Digitalized and interactive Dialogic, rhetoric, External gods Rationality, Religion Postmodern ethics Direct Representative Modern, global direct democracy Evolutionary Clusters for Democracy Douglas C. Walton (2007) Is modern information technology enabling the evolution of a more direct democracy? in World Futures, 63: 365-385, 2007, Routledge, p.371.

13. Next Class: Quiz and class reading