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Ethnography on/of the Internet

 OII Summer Doctoral Programme 2010

    Eric T. Meyer & Rebecca Eynon
         Oxford Internet Institute
            www.oii.ox.ac.uk
Bronislaw Malinowski with Trobriand Islanders in 1918.




                                                                                                         NAPOLEON CHAGNON with the Yanomamo Indians he
                                                                                                         studied in the Brazilian Amazon ca 1960s-1990s




                         Margaret Mead: Coming of Age in Samoa (1928)
Source 1: http://www.theage.com.au/news/Reviews/Malinowski-odyssey-of-an-anthropologist/2005/06/02/1117568312895.html
Source 2: http://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/primary-sources/329
Source 3: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=anthropologys-darkest-hou
Components of an ethnography

An th
A ethnography usually i l d f
           h       ll includes four
    elements of community life:
   1)
    )   Ecology
             gy
   2)   Social organisation
   3)
    )   Developmental cycle
               p         y
   4)   Cosmology
Kula Ring




Source: https://webspace.yale.edu/anth500/projects/01_Curley/KulaHomePage.html
Source: http://www.unu.edu/Unupress/food2/UIN08E/uin08e0e.htm
Source: http://www.analytictech.com/borgatti/etk3.htm
Source: http://homepages.wmich.edu/~bstraigh/AN240/Lecture7.htm
Lineages related to Timothy Asch / Napoleon Chagnon film The Axe Fight




Source: http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/projects/axfight/complin.html
Bernie Hogan: Group Structure in Facebook




Source: http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/hogan/graphics/
Bronislaw Malinowski with Trobriand Islanders in 1918.




                                                                                                         NAPOLEON CHAGNON with the Yanomamo Indians he
                                                                                                         studied in the Brazilian Amazon ca 1960s-1990s




                         Margaret Mead: Coming of Age in Samoa (1928)
Source 1: http://www.theage.com.au/news/Reviews/Malinowski-odyssey-of-an-anthropologist/2005/06/02/1117568312895.html
Source 2: http://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/primary-sources/329
Source 3: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=anthropologys-darkest-hou
Source of Gorean image: Bardzell & Odom (2008). The Experience of Embodied Space in
Virtual Worlds: An Ethnography of a Second Life Community. space and culture 11(3):
239-259




                                                                                            Innikka Equipped with the Amice of
                                                                                            Brilliant Light from the Black Temple
                                                                                            Source: Nardi (2010). My Life as a
                                                                                                             (    )    y
                                                                                            Night Elf Priest: An Anthropological
                                                                                            Account of World of Warcraft




                                                                  Tom Boellstorff/Tom Bukowski
                                                                  COMING OF AGE IN SECOND LIFE (2008)
                                                                  Image Source: http://www.spiritofthesenses.org/secondlifesalon.htm
Information Ethnographers of interest (list courtesy of David Hakken, Indiana University, available at :
    http://www.informatics.indiana.edu/courses/descriptions/I651.doc)
John Anderson, anthropology, Catholic University (Arab informatics)
Steve Barley, management, Stanford (Researching engineers in Silicon Valley)
Genevieve Bell, anthropologist, Intel (Cross-cultural study of technology, especially Asia)
Tom Boellstorff, UC Irvine (Anthropology)
Pablo Boczkowski, MIT (Sloan School of Management)
Gabriella Coleman, anthropology, University of Chicago (Open Source and the Cultural Imaginary)
Andy Crabtree, Sociology, University of Nottingham, UK (organizations, systems development; rapid ethnographic
     assessment)
Joe Dumit, anthropology, (Director of STS program, UC-Davis)
Jan English-Lueck, Anthropology, San Jose State (Silicon Valley Project)
Joan Fujimura (Sociology, University of Wisconsin)
Keith Hampton, MIT (Department of Urban Studies and Planning)
Penny Harvey, anthropologist, University of Manchester ( ) (
     y       y            g             y                 (UK) (Museum informatics)  )
Stephen Helmreich, History of Consciousness, MIT (Artificial Life, Bio-informatics)
Adrienne Jenik, UCSD, (Computer and Media Arts)
Lori Kendall, SUNY Purchase (Sociology)
Jean Lave, Education and anthropology, University of California at Berkeley
          ,                      p gy,             y                        y
Gustavo Mesch, University of Haifa (Sociology and Anthropology)
Bonnie Nardi, (Informatics, UC-Irvine)
Carsten Oesterlund, Information Studies, Syracuse University (health informatics)
Wanda Orlikowski, management, MIT (organizational informatics)
Bryan Pfaffenberger, anthropology in the School of Engineering, University of Virginia (technology)
Sandeep Sahay, Informatics, University of Oslo (development informatics)
Susan Leigh Star, Sociology, University of Santa Clara (Classification; science informatics)
Lucy Suchman, anthropology/ethnomethodology University of Lancaster (UK)
      Suchman anthropology/ethnomethodology,
Sharon Traweek, UCLA (science informatics)
Sherry Turkle, MIT (Sociology)
Nina Wakeford University of Surrey (Sociology and INCITE)
Ethical considerations for
                  online ethnography
• Privacy in public, Nissenbaum (1998)
• Sensitivity to actors intentions of 'publicness' e.g. Bassett
  and O'Ri d (2002)
     d O'Riordan
• Changing nature of informed consent
• Profiling from multiple datasets
• Different cultural perspectives of values such as privacy
• Legal protections nationally bounded
• Research responsibility for rigour and usefulness

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Virtual ethnography SDP 2010

  • 1. Ethnography on/of the Internet OII Summer Doctoral Programme 2010 Eric T. Meyer & Rebecca Eynon Oxford Internet Institute www.oii.ox.ac.uk
  • 2. Bronislaw Malinowski with Trobriand Islanders in 1918. NAPOLEON CHAGNON with the Yanomamo Indians he studied in the Brazilian Amazon ca 1960s-1990s Margaret Mead: Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) Source 1: http://www.theage.com.au/news/Reviews/Malinowski-odyssey-of-an-anthropologist/2005/06/02/1117568312895.html Source 2: http://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/primary-sources/329 Source 3: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=anthropologys-darkest-hou
  • 3. Components of an ethnography An th A ethnography usually i l d f h ll includes four elements of community life: 1) ) Ecology gy 2) Social organisation 3) ) Developmental cycle p y 4) Cosmology
  • 5.
  • 9. Lineages related to Timothy Asch / Napoleon Chagnon film The Axe Fight Source: http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/projects/axfight/complin.html
  • 10. Bernie Hogan: Group Structure in Facebook Source: http://people.oii.ox.ac.uk/hogan/graphics/
  • 11.
  • 12. Bronislaw Malinowski with Trobriand Islanders in 1918. NAPOLEON CHAGNON with the Yanomamo Indians he studied in the Brazilian Amazon ca 1960s-1990s Margaret Mead: Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) Source 1: http://www.theage.com.au/news/Reviews/Malinowski-odyssey-of-an-anthropologist/2005/06/02/1117568312895.html Source 2: http://chnm.gmu.edu/cyh/primary-sources/329 Source 3: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=anthropologys-darkest-hou
  • 13. Source of Gorean image: Bardzell & Odom (2008). The Experience of Embodied Space in Virtual Worlds: An Ethnography of a Second Life Community. space and culture 11(3): 239-259 Innikka Equipped with the Amice of Brilliant Light from the Black Temple Source: Nardi (2010). My Life as a ( ) y Night Elf Priest: An Anthropological Account of World of Warcraft Tom Boellstorff/Tom Bukowski COMING OF AGE IN SECOND LIFE (2008) Image Source: http://www.spiritofthesenses.org/secondlifesalon.htm
  • 14. Information Ethnographers of interest (list courtesy of David Hakken, Indiana University, available at : http://www.informatics.indiana.edu/courses/descriptions/I651.doc) John Anderson, anthropology, Catholic University (Arab informatics) Steve Barley, management, Stanford (Researching engineers in Silicon Valley) Genevieve Bell, anthropologist, Intel (Cross-cultural study of technology, especially Asia) Tom Boellstorff, UC Irvine (Anthropology) Pablo Boczkowski, MIT (Sloan School of Management) Gabriella Coleman, anthropology, University of Chicago (Open Source and the Cultural Imaginary) Andy Crabtree, Sociology, University of Nottingham, UK (organizations, systems development; rapid ethnographic assessment) Joe Dumit, anthropology, (Director of STS program, UC-Davis) Jan English-Lueck, Anthropology, San Jose State (Silicon Valley Project) Joan Fujimura (Sociology, University of Wisconsin) Keith Hampton, MIT (Department of Urban Studies and Planning) Penny Harvey, anthropologist, University of Manchester ( ) ( y y g y (UK) (Museum informatics) ) Stephen Helmreich, History of Consciousness, MIT (Artificial Life, Bio-informatics) Adrienne Jenik, UCSD, (Computer and Media Arts) Lori Kendall, SUNY Purchase (Sociology) Jean Lave, Education and anthropology, University of California at Berkeley , p gy, y y Gustavo Mesch, University of Haifa (Sociology and Anthropology) Bonnie Nardi, (Informatics, UC-Irvine) Carsten Oesterlund, Information Studies, Syracuse University (health informatics) Wanda Orlikowski, management, MIT (organizational informatics) Bryan Pfaffenberger, anthropology in the School of Engineering, University of Virginia (technology) Sandeep Sahay, Informatics, University of Oslo (development informatics) Susan Leigh Star, Sociology, University of Santa Clara (Classification; science informatics) Lucy Suchman, anthropology/ethnomethodology University of Lancaster (UK) Suchman anthropology/ethnomethodology, Sharon Traweek, UCLA (science informatics) Sherry Turkle, MIT (Sociology) Nina Wakeford University of Surrey (Sociology and INCITE)
  • 15.
  • 16. Ethical considerations for online ethnography • Privacy in public, Nissenbaum (1998) • Sensitivity to actors intentions of 'publicness' e.g. Bassett and O'Ri d (2002) d O'Riordan • Changing nature of informed consent • Profiling from multiple datasets • Different cultural perspectives of values such as privacy • Legal protections nationally bounded • Research responsibility for rigour and usefulness