An introduction to IPv6 - both from a general view and from a technical view. We all need to learn, use and migrate to IPv6 now.

1. INTRODUCTION
TO IPV6
Examples from various operating systems
oej@edvina.netTwitter: oejTwitter: ipv6friday
TCP/IP Geeks Stockholm 2015-03-17

2. Why IPv6 is important
• The Internet grows... a lot more than during the dot.com
days
• IPv6 is the only solution for growth
• Continued IPv4 use will lead to walled gardens, separate
Internet islands with little or no connectivity
• IPv6 enables global realtime communication between all
connected devices

3. The Internet grows... more than during
the dot.com days
• Internet growth is bigger now than during the worst growth
during the dot.com explosion
• We have more Internet-enabled smart phones than IPv4
addresses
• An explosion of Internet-connected things is already happening.

4. We are global
• The Internet is growing personal and global.
• The only solution for global realtime communication is IPv6
• The current solution costs too much and is not global any more

5. No D-Day
• The change will go gradually
• IPv4 NAT will keep us alive
• Don’t count with more public IP addresses for servers and
services.
• Don’t panic, but start acting.

6. First notice
• Your contacts/customers in Asia will complain that they can’t e-
mail you, or reach your web
• You buy a cool gadget in the Duty-Free electronic store, and it
just won’t connect
• Your ISP or hosting center says they will have to charge 1.000
Euro for the new IP address - per year.

7. IPv6 is the only solution
• There is no other magic solution to Internet growth and scalability
with IPv4

8. 10 STEPS FORWARD

9. 1. Learn IPv6
• You need to upgrade your network engineers
• It’s not hard, but remember, it’s a new protocol
• A new protocol means new security issues

10. 2. Get addresses
• Your ISP (or your next ISP) will give you a /48 network
• You will have more addresses than the current Internet and all of
IPv4 - yourself!

11. 3. Require IPv6
• Don’t buy any network services, equipment or computers that
does not support IPv6
• Wake up, it’s 2015
• If no IPv6 support, take the cost this year, because you will soon
have to replace it.

12. 4. Convert public services
• Convert e-mail, DNS,VoIP and web to IPv6
• Make sure the world can reach you

13. 5. Check vendors
• Does your bank, consultants, outsourcing partners, vendors
support IPv6?
• API Services you use?
• What’s the status of your business neighbourhood?

14. 6. Dual stack on PCs
• When buying new PCs or upgrading, implement dual stack
• Supported by Linux, Mac,Windows
• Very simple to enable

15. 7. Use IPv6 - only
• If all clients have dual stack, don’t be afraid to use ONLY ipv6 on
new servers
• Old servers are harder to move away from IPv4
• Use NAT64 for IPv4 reachability

16. 8. Move the IT
department
• Let the IT department PCs be IPv6 only

17. 9. Benefit from IPv6
• VPNs are much easier
• You have a large address space - use it
• Mobility is built in
• IPv6 over IPv6, IPv6 over IPv4
• No more NAT traversal issues

18. 10. Don’t panic.
• There is urgency, but your business won’t collapse if this doesn’t
work today
• Make IPv6 part of every IT project
• Don’t make it a special project
• Start now.

19. Stay connected!
• The beauty of the Internet is global reachability, global connectivity
• Without IPv6, the Internet will be fragmented into separate
islands and walled gardens
• We don’t want that. No one wants that. Stay connected.
Go IPv6 today!

20. Help your customers
• Wake them up
• Train them on all levels
• Introduce IPv6 in all current projects
• Help them test
• Get their public services connected to IPv6
• Require IPv6 from all your vendors

21. This is the new Internet.
Do not stay behind!

22. INTRODUCTIONTO IPV6

23. IPv6 basics
• Larger IP packet headers - IP address 128 bits instead of 32
• AllTCP/UDP protocols behave like before
• Protocols that embedd IP address will have to support the new formats
• Subnetting like before with CIDR prefixes
128 bit
address
128 bit
address

24. A common enterprise model
48 bit
prefix
64 bit
device
16 bit
subnet
65536 networks!
ISP get /32
Enterprise /48 or /56

25. Dual stack
IPv4 IPv6
The IPv4
Internet
The IPv6
Internet

26. TWO highways to the same destination
IPv4
IPv6
IPv4
IPv6

27. Happy eyeballs
IPv4
IPv6
IPv4
IPv6

28. Migration
IPv4 IPv6 IPv6IPv4
1 2 3

29. Testing IPv6
IPv6
3

30. Multiple addresses
per interface
Link local address based on MAC (FE80::)
Site local address - ULA FDxx
Global address based on network prefix and MAC
Global address based on network prefix and random data
Link local multicast addresses
Service specific multicast address
Loopback address (only for loopback interface)
The app selects
source address

31. Different views in OS/X
Network configuration
shows only IPv4
Advanced shows
ONE IPv6 address
ifconfig

32. Distributing IPv6 addresses
Local Link (FE80::) - automatically
Global based on RA prefix - automatic (SLAAC)
Global based on DHCP - automatic (SLAAC)
Static - manual configuration
Based on MAC address
Based on random data for privacy (temporary address)

33. DHCPv6
INFORMATION
OBJECTS
DYNAMIC
IP ADDRESS
STATIC
IP ADDRESS
DNS, SIP gateway, NTP server etc
Random address from a range
PRIVACY ENHANCED
IP ADDRESS
Managed temporary privacy-enhanced
Address
Static address based on device identifier

34. DHCPv6 for ISP’s
NETWORK
PROVISIONING
Network prefix, subnet mask
router
Home gateway
Gets a network (not an address)
from the service provider.
Distributes real Internet addresses to
network hosts. No NAT.

35. DUID = Device Identifier
SYSTEM
IF
IF
IF
DUID - Device Unique Identifier
IAID - Interface Adapter Identifier
In IPv4 DHCP the MAC
is the system!

36. Where are they?
DUID
IAID
IAID
ETH0
WLAN0
Only shown in Microsoft
Windows 7. I can’t find it
easily in any other system.
!
Required to set up static
DHCPv6 address
management.

37. Various options
RA +
SLAAC
SLAAC
+ DHCPv6
RA
+ DHCPv6
• Announce a prefix and a
router with
RADVD or RTSOL support
• MAC or temporary
• Simple, but not much control
• RA tells device to use
SLAAC and fetch more
options in DHCPv6
• DNS address, NTP server
• Better management, but still
not much control
• RA tells device to get IP and
more options in DHCPv6
• Device sends DUID+IAID
• Better management - log in
DHCP server
• Where is the DUID?

38. Privacy enhanced
• ”Welcome back.You’re using a
MacBook Pro 10th generation
from Sollentuna, Sweden.”
• Why should I let everyone see my
MAC address? And that I use
multiple devices?
• All systems support this.Windows
enable it by default. No other
system has it in the UI.

39. The end
...or is it the
beginning?
We need to make IPv6 a normal
part of all network projects. Now.