1. Vector
By
Norazah Yusof
Software Engineering Department
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems
1
2. Vector
Size of an array is fixed for the duration of the execution program.
Vector is
V t i a more fl ibl d t structure which allows its size to be changed.
flexible data t t hi h ll it i t b h d
A vector class is part of the java.util package
It can d
dynamically shrink or grow as needed
i ll h i k d d
A data element can be inserted into or removed from any
location of a vector with a single method invocation.
The elements of a vector must be objects (cannot be primitive
types - if you need to store a primitive type, you need to use
appropriate wrapper classes).
It provides several instance methods to manage the list of
objects
A Vector is basically the same as an ArrayList, but Vector
methods are synchronized for thread safety.
2
3. From the Library:
From the Library: java.util.Vector
The java.util.Vector class implements an array of objects that can
j p y j
grow as needed (dynamic).
the size of a vector does not have to be declared - it
grows and shrinks as needed
Regular
R l arrays are limited to their initial size. Th cannot grow or
li it d t th i i iti l i They t
shrink. (static)
There are methods to add , retrieve, insert in the middle of the
vector,
vector or remove elements
3
4. Vectors ‐ API documentation (partial listing)
public class Vector extends Object implements Cloneable, Serializable
{
// constructors
public Vector (int initialCapacity);
public Vector(); Allows specification of
initial capacity of vector
// Instance methods for different functions
public final void addElement (Object obj); - insert element at next free location
public final int capacity(); - return capacity of vector
public final Object elementAt(int index);- return object stored at the position ‘index’
public final Object firstElement(); - return fi element (object at vector position 0)
bli fi l Obj fi El () first l ( bj ii
public final int indexOf(Object elem); - return index of the given element in vector
public final Object lastElement(); - return last element (object at position size-1)
public final synchronized boolean removeElement(Object obj); - removes specified object
public final synchronized void removeAllelements(); - removes all objects
public final int size(); - return number of objects stored in the vector
public final void trimToSize(); - reduce capacity of the vector to the number of elements
}
4
5. Example 1 of Vector:
Lab 6 Exercise 1, Question 5
L b6E i 1 Q i 5
Use vector to store a collection of data that contains
texts (i.e. faculty names).
Import statement:
p
import java.util.*;
Declare a Vector object of faculty:
Vector f
V t faculty = new V t ()
lt Vector();
A Vector of size 0 is created.
5
6. Example 1 of Vector
Example 1 of Vector
Add new element to a data collection:
faculty.addElement ("FSKSM");
faculty.addElement ("FS");
faculty.addElement ("FKE");
faculty.addElement ("FAB");
The Vector ill
Th V t will contain three elements in
t i th l t i
location 0, 1, and 2.
Display the content of vector:
p y
System.out.println(faculty);
Display the size of the vector:
System.out.println(faculty.size());
System out println(faculty size());
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7. Example 1 of Vector
Example 1 of Vector
To insert new element at the third element of the vector:
faculty.insertElementAt ("FPPSM", 2);
"FPPSM" is stored in between "FS" and "FKE".
"FS",
Display the content of vector:
System.out.println(faculty);
Display the size of the vector:
System.out.println(faculty.size());
To remove element with content "FKE" in the
vector:
faculty.removeElement ("FKE");
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8. Example 1 of Vector
Example 1 of Vector
To remove element at the third element of the vector:
remo e ector:
faculty.removeElementAt (1);
"FS" will be deleted.
To display the content of vector at the specified
element:
System.out.println (faculty.elementAt(1));
System out println (faculty elementAt(1));
"FPPSM" will be displayed.
To change the value of specific element of a
vector
t
faculty.setElementAt("FKSG",2);
The content of element three will be replaced by
p y
"FKSG“.
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9. Wrapper Classes
pp
• Boolean Integer NOTE: (1) The wrapper classes do
not have no-arg constructors. (2)
• Character Long
The instances of all wrapper
• Short Float classes are immutable, i.e., their
internal values cannot be changed
i l l b h d
• Byte Double
once the objects are created.
Comparable Object
Number Character Boolean
Double Float Long Integer Short Byte
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10. The toString, equals, and hashCode
Methods
• Each wrapper class overrides the toString,
equals, and hashCode methods defined in the
Object class.
• Since all the numeric wrapper classes and the
Since all the numeric wrapper classes and the
Character class implement the Comparable
interface, the compareTo method is
interface the compareTo method is
implemented in these classes.
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11. The Number Class
Each numeric wrapper class extends the abstract
Each numeric wrapper class extends the abstract
Number class, which contains the methods
doubleValue, floatValue, intValue, longValue,
shortValue, and byteValue.
These methods convert objects into primitive
These methods “convert” objects into primitive
type values. The methods doubleValue,
floatValue, intValue, longValue are abstract. The
, , g
methods byteValue and shortValue are not
abstract, which simply return (byte)intValue() and
(short)intValue(), respectively.
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12. The Integer and Double Classes
java.lang.Number java.lang.Integer
-value: int
+byteValue(): byte +MAX_VALUE: int
+shortValue(): s o
s o V ue(): short +MIN_VALUE:
+MIN VALUE: int
+intValue(): int
+longVlaue(): long +Integer(value: int)
+floatValue(): float +Integer(s: String)
+doubleValue():double +valueOf(s: String): Integer
+valueOf(s: String, radix: int): Integer
+parseInt(s: String): int
java.lang.Comparable +parseInt(s: String, radix: int): int
+compareTo(o: Object): int
p ( j )
java.lang.Double
j l D bl
-value: double
+MAX_VALUE: double
+MIN_VALUE: double
+Double(value: double)
+Double(s: String)
+valueOf(s: String): Double
+valueOf(s: String, radix: int): Double
+parseDouble(s: St i ) double
+ D bl ( String): d bl
+parseDouble (s: String, radix: int): double
12
13. The Integer Class
and the Double Class
• Constructors
• Class Constants MAX_VALUE, MIN_VALUE
• Conversion Methods
13
14. Numeric Wrapper Class Constructors
Numeric Wrapper Class Constructors
You can construct a wrapper object either
from a primitive data type value or from a
string representing the numeric value. The
constructors for Integer and Double are:
public Integer(int value)
public Integer(String s)
public Integer(String s)
public Double(double value)
public Double(String s)
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15. Numeric Wrapper Class Constants
• Each numerical wrapper class has the constants
Each numerical wrapper class has the constants
MAX_VALUE and MIN_VALUE. MAX_VALUE represents the
maximum value of the corresponding primitive data type.
• For Byte, Short, Integer, and Long, MIN_VALUE represents
the minimum byte, short, int, and long values. For Float and
Double, MIN_VALUE represents the minimum positive
Double MIN VALUE represents the minimum positive float
and double values.
• The following statements display the maximum integer
The following statements display the maximum integer
(2,147,483,647), the minimum positive float (1.4E‐45), and
the maximum double floating‐point number
(1.79769313486231570e+308d).
(1 79769313486231570 +308d)
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16. Conversion Methods
• Each numeric wrapper class implements the
Each numeric wrapper class implements the
abstract methods doubleValue, floatValue,
intValue, longValue, and shortValue, which
intValue longValue and shortValue which
are defined in the Number class.
• These methods “convert” objects into
primitive type values.
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17. Wrapper Classes for primitive types
• Wrapper class: a class that stores a primitive type value in an object and
contains methods for converting back and forth
• All are defined in in the java.lang package of the Java API (Application
Programming Interface ‐ a standard set of Java class libraries).
Each wrapper class includes the following constructors and methods:
• a constructor that takes a primitive type value and converts it into an
object
Double w = new Double (3.14159);
• a constructor that takes a string representation of a primitive type
value
Double w = new Double ( “3.14159” );
• a toString() method that creates a string version of the object’s value
w.toString()
w toString() returns the string “3 14159”
3.14159
• a typeValue method (i.e., intValue , doubleValue ) that returns the
primitive type value stored in the wrapper object:
w.doubleValue() returns the double value 3.14159
• an equals method that compare for equality to wrapper objects of the
same class: assuming that x and y are of type Double, then
x.equals(y) returns true when they wrap the same value.
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18. Vector (cont.): Example 2
import java.util.Vector;
class Perisian_Komputer
{ public static void main(String[]arg)
{ Vector perisian = new Vector();
String nama = new String("Visual Image");
Integer siri = new Integer(1235);
Double harga = new Double(2134.5);
String pengeluar = new String("Oracle");
Character test = new Character('a');
Float code = new Float(12.34f);
perisian.addElement(nama);
perisian addElement(nama);
perisian.addElement(siri);
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20. Wrapper Classes for primitive types,
•
cont’d.
cont’d
Example of use: store in Vectors (where primitive types cannot be stored).
p
double x = 13.5;
( p
Vector numbers = new Vector();
yp )
numbers.addElement(new Double(x));
double y = ((Double) numbers.elementAt(0)).doubleValue();
Assume vector v contains a collection of objects, some of which are type Double. The statements
below store some objects in vector v. The loop adds only the numbers wrapped in the type Double
objects and displays their sum (50.5).
Vector v = new Vector();
v.addElement("Jamil"); // first element is a string
v.addElement(new Double(15.0)); // second element is type Double
v.addElement(new Double(35.5)); // third element is type Double
v.addElement(new Integer(100)); // fourth element is type Integer
stores new
double sum = 0.0; Integer object
for (int i = 0; i < v.size(); i++) { in v.
Object temp = v.elementAt(i); true if temp
if (temp instanceof Double) is type Double
sum + = ((Double) temp).doubleValue();
}
System.out.println("Sum of elements in vector v is " + sum);
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21. Vectors Example
p
Use the Vector class to store a collection of employee:
– import stmt: import java.util.*;
– data declaration: Vector employees = new Vector();
– add existing objects: employees.addElement(employeeA);
employees.addElement(employeeB);
l ddEl ( l B) employeeA
0
– access 2nd element: 1
employeeB
p y
anEmployee = (Employee) employees.elementAt(1);
anEmployee = (Employee) employees elementAt(1);
– change an element: employeeA
0
employees.setElementAt(employeeA, 1);
employees.setElementAt(employeeA, 1); 1
employeeA
– insert an element: employees.insertElementAt(employeeB, 1);
0
1
2 employeeB
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22. Vectors example, cont d.
Vectors example, cont’d.
remove an element: employees.removeElementAt(0);
employeeB
0
1
employeeA
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23. Methods for Vector class
Method call Effect
Vector() Constructs an empty vector (type of elements
does not need to be specified)
Employees.addElement(Emp1) Appends object Emp1 to vector employees and
increments its size
(Employee)employees.elementAt(0) Returns the object at index 0 and converts it to
type E l
Employee
Employees.size() Returns the size of vector employees
employees.setElementAt(Emp2, 1)
p y ( p , ) Changes the object at index 1 to Emp2
employees.insertElementAt(anEmp, Insert object anEmp at index 1, shifting the
1) elements that follow up one position. Increment
vector size.
t i
employees.removeElementAt(1) Remove the element at index 1, shifting the
elements that follow down one position.
Decrement vector size.
employees.toString() Forms a string enclosed in square brackets. The
objects in employees are separated by commas.
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