Contrast bath therapy involves alternating immersion of a body part in cold then warm water. It treats soreness, swelling, and inflammation from injuries or conditions like sprains or carpal tunnel by increasing blood circulation and lymph flow through vasodilation and vasoconstriction induced by temperature changes.

2. Contrast bath therapy, also
known as "hot or cold immersion
therapy". Its is a form of
treatment where a limb or the
entire body is immersed in ice
water followed by the immediate
immersion of the limb or body
in warm water.

3. Its is a method of treating soreness, swelling, and
inflammation in a person's joints or muscles.
It is useful for treating joint injuries, such as
mild sprains, and can also ease the symptoms
of chronic conditions such as carpal tunnel
syndrome.

4. The theory behind contrast bath therapy is that the warm
water causes vasodilation of the blood flow in the limb
or body followed by the cold water which causes
vasoconstriction, increasing local blood circulation.
Additionally, the lymph vessels contract when exposed
to cold, and relax in response to heat. The lymph
system, unlike the circulatory system, lacks a central
pump. Alternating hot and cold, lymph vessels dilate
and contract to essentially "pump" and move stagnant
fluid out of the area. This positively effects the
inflammation process, which is the body's primary
mechanism for healing damaged tissue

5. Ultraviolet light therapy or ultraviolet Phototherapy is a
form of treatment for certain skin disorders .It
consists mostly of the UVA band of ultraviolet light
and is usually delivered from a fluorescent bulb
specially designed to output this frequency of
ultraviolet.

6. Ultra-violet light is uses for the treatment of skin
disease like vitiligo and Psoriasis .This treatment is
similar to the light from good quality solariums but
differs from the mainly UVB ultraviolet band used to
treat psoriasis.

7.  xeroderma pigmentosum
 Golan’s syndrome
 Systemic lupus erythematosus

8. Bloom’s syndrome
Previous or current non-melanoma skin
cancer
Previous exposure to arsenic or ionizing
radiation
Current premalignant skin lesions
Significant hepatic dysfunction

9. Avoid unnecessary exposure to sunlight on
treatment days
Patient should wear UV opaque eye
protection during treatment
Ensure that the patient is not taking
photosensitizing medication

10. Ultrasound is a method of stimulating
the tissue beneath the skin's surface
using very high frequency sound waves,
between 800,000 Hz and 2,000,000 Hz,
which cannot be heard by humans.
Ultrasound is applied using a transducer or
applicator that is in direct contact with the
patient's skin. Gel is used on all surfaces of
the head to reduce friction and assist
transmission of the ultrasonic waves.

11. The first is the speeding up of the healing process from
the increase in blood flow in the treated area.
The second is the decrease in pain from the reduction of
swelling and edema.
The third is the gentle massage of muscles tendons and
or ligaments in the treated area because no strain is
added and any scar tissue is softened.

12.  Ultrasonic waves are useful for treatment of
Inflammation of Elbow Joint (Tennis Elbow),Plantar
Fasciitis (Heel Pain)
 Shortening of Muscle or Ligament
 Inflammation of tendons (Suprasspinatus tendonitis)
 Ligament Sprain (Lateral Ligament Sprain of Ankle)
 Unhealed Scars

13.  Avoid exposure to the developing foetus
 Malignancy
 Pacemakers - in the region of the implant and its
associated electronics
 Hemophiliacs not covered by replacement factor
 The cardiac area in advanced heart disease
 The cranium

14.  Anesthetic areas should be treated with caution if a thermal
dose is being applied
 Subcutaneous major nerves and bony prominences
 Always use the lowest intensity which produces a therapeutic
response
 Ensure that the applicator is moved throughout the treatment
 Ensure that the patient is aware of the nature of the treatment
and the expected effects
 If pain, discomfort or unexpected sensations are experienced
by the patient, the treatment intensity should be reduced.

15. Short Wave diathermy is a
high frequency alternating current.
The heat energy obtained from the
wave is used for giving relief to the
patient. Its frequency is 27,120,000
cycles per second and the wavelength
is 11 metre.

16. Short wave diathermy is usually use for the treatment of
• Inflammation of shoulder joint
• Inflammation of Elbow Joint (Tennis Elbow)
• Degeneration of joints of neck (Cervical Spondylosis)
• Degeneration of joints like knee and hip
(Osteoarthritis)
• Ligament Sprains in knee joint
• Low Back Ache
• Plantar fasciitis (Heel Pain)
• Sinusitis

17. • High Fever
• Fluctuating Blood Pressure
• Very sensitive Skin
• Persons using Cardiac Pace Maker
• Severe kidney and heart problems
• Pregnant Women
• Mentally Retarded Individuals
• Tuberculosis of Bone
• Malignant cancer

18. Electrical muscle stimulation is also
known as neuromuscular electrical
stimulation and electromyo
stimulation, is the practice of
delivering electric impulses to
different parts of the body, namely
muscles.
This is distinct from Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve
Stimulation(TENS), in which an electric current is
used for pain therapy.

19. EMS is used for rehabilitation
purposes, for musculoskeletal
injuries, such as damage to
bones, joints, muscles,
ligaments and tendons.
EMS can be used as a training,
therapeutic, and cosmetics tools

20. • Movement of constricted muscle and tendon tissue and associated
ligaments
• Reduces painful contractions and splintering of muscles as a
result of injury (relief of muscle spasms)
• Muscle movement to increase the level of circulation of blood and
lymph
• Removal of edema
• Increases range of motion
• Re-education of muscle
• Strengthening of muscle after injury
• Reverse wasting of muscle (used in EPM rehabilitation)
• May decrease healing time for bone fractures after acute phase
• Assists in readjustment of dislocations
• Healing of wounds

21. Acute injury
– Diagnostics of the problem must be performed before treatment
• Active bleeding
– Hemorrhaging may increase with stimulation
• High Fever
– A secondary problem may exist that needs treatment
• Blood Clots
– Therapy may dislodge clots due to increased circulation
• Dislocation
– Therapy may actually allow desirable readjustment if performed on
adjacent sites
• Cancer
– Therapy may break loose bits of cancer and increase spread throughout
the body
• Lower motor neuron damage.
– Polio
– Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
– Peripheral nerve injuries