Essay On Rain Water Harvesting

INTRODUCTION
It is widely known that water covers up to 70% of our planet's surface. However, we have never
been able to have enough fresh water to meet our demands. Up until now, 1.1 billion people
worldwide still lack the access to usable water sources and a total of 2.7 billion find water scarce
for at least one month of the year. (WWF) Even in a centralized industry area, the main water supply
system sometimes not able to meet the demand.
Water crisis is now a global problem. Since the 1950s till this present date the population of world
has increased into double. The use of water is increasing but the sources are constant for safe
water. The world is facing an overall of deficit of fresh water. Therefore, the need to find an
additional water resource is inevitable.
Rainwater...show more content...
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT
In times of such crisis today, rainwater harvest is indeed a blessing. However, there is no perfect
solution for a reality problem.
Below we are going to highlight some advantage and disadvantages of rainwater harvesting.
Advantage
1.Rain water harvest relieves pressure on other water sources. In a small community such in rural or
mountain area, rainwater supply can co–exist with other sources and can act as a supplement to
them. (CEF, 2013)
2.Safe, drinkable reserved rainwater can be the solution when there is a calamity or an outbreak of
safe water. It can help us prevent many diseases and epidemic to spread wide during water crises due
to the use of unclean, contaminated water.
3.Storing excess rain water during rainy season can help reduce the possibility of. Drainage
overload can also be prevented by keeping drinkable fresh water from the rainwater. Furthermore,
water from flood can also be well taken care of and utilized by the rain harvesting system.(GDRC,
2015)
4.It can help reduce soil erosion during rainy
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Rain Water Research Paper
Have you ever wondered why rain drops form little bubbles, or how water makes little bubbles on
pennies? To properly understand my project, you will have to understand water surface tension,
and how hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules work. Also how surfactants work, and how
surfactants can propel a (n) object. Water molecules feel different pulls all around them, ones from
the molecules on the surface of the water, and the other ones which are closely packed with other
water molecules. Water molecules that are below the surface feel a pull from all around them, on
the other hand, the water molecules on the surface feel a pull from below them and next to them.
The water molecules toward the surface pull together, and form a bubble. This is called water
surface tension. Hydrophobic molecules don't like water, which means they will propel away from
water. Hydrophilic molecules...show more content...
When both hydrophilic molecules and hydrophobic molecules are in one, big place with water, the
hydrophilic molecules want to get towards the water, while the hydrophobic molecules want to get
away from water. This big battle of tug–of–war, makes water molecules separate. This causes the
water surface tension to go down, and the substances that decrease water surface tension are known
as surfactants. Surfactants are a main ingredient in detergents, soaps, perfumes, and other cleaning
supplies. When dirt and stains are in clothes surfactants are used to get the stains out. Surfactants
are used to separate the molecules forming the surface tension of water. Then the cleaning agents
slide through and do their job, clean. Surfactants, when dropped in water, will try to spread across
the surface of the water. While spreading along, it is also pushing away from the surface of the
water. So when an object is placed onto the water, the surfactant is pushing the object away from the
water, (while spreading), causing it to

Rainwater collection can help minimize the demand for water that gardening makes during the
hottest, driest periods. Rain barrels are a great way to capitalize on this free source of water.
Reasonably priced and easy to install, gardeners are advised to take a look at utilizing rain
barrels. Rainwater collection for use during dry spells is not new technology; rainwater has been
being collected for over 2,000 years. This ancient technology has found new life among today 's
green gardeners. Costs of municipal water are rising and drought restrictions now face many areas
of the United States. While the average American may not be inclined to install a large cistern in
their yard, rain barrels provide a reasonably priced and easily installed option that produces a nice
supplement to traditional water sources. Water is a much valued and often taken for granted natural
resource. Water is essential to life, human, critter, plant and other. Many Americans turn on the tap,
leave it running for whatever their intended purpose, such as brushing one 's teeth, and never give a
thought to the big picture of water shortages around the world. Often gardeners turn on their
sprinklers with not much thought beyond their knowledge that their plants need a thorough
soaking. It may seem to some that water is in abundance. Lakes and rivers may dot the topo map
of your region. However, consider these facts. Though 70% of the Earth surface is water only 2.5%
is fresh water (as opposed to salt

The Importance of Rainwater Producing
Rainwater producing is the accumulation and deposition of rainwater for reuse beforehand that up to
groundwater. Also, is a method of collection and storage of rain water in external (reservoirs) or
groundwater below the external of the earth beforehand you become capitulated as external runoff.
Architects and builders are nowadays routinely constructing arrangements to make sure we uphold
water stocks. A little of the arrangements most oftentimes installed at the nowadays are those
projected for rainwater harvesting. In easy words, this has been projected to arrest and storage
rainwater that falls on the external in order to be reused in the houses and in the business.
Uses contain water of the park, water for livestock, indoor warming of the residences and water for
irrigation intentions etc. Rainwater that has been amassed of the surfaces of houses, tents and innate
institutions, or from specially coordinated spans of earth, might make an vital contribution to
drinking water.( Anon, 2009 )
It is a style to rise the nutrition of groundwater across storage rainwater innately, by rooftop water
producing, packaged to engraved wells (Thompson,2010 ). From the main goals of rainwater
producing is:
Supplement internal water needs.
To face the producing demand from water
To amass rainwater.
To supply water to garden.
To craft awareness concerning rainwater producing system.
This assignment debates concerning water conservation across the adoption of rainwater

Water Conservation Essay
One of the items people, animals, and our environment cannot live without is water. Water is
extremely vital in the everyday life of everyone in the world from everyday life of drinking,
washing clothes, animals, grains, cleaning, and so many other uses that eliminating water would
eliminate our species as we all depend on the necessity of water. "The water footprint refers to the
volumes of water consumption and pollution that are 'behind' your daily consumption". (Network,
2010) If an average American uses approximately 80–100 gallons of water per day then an average
American needs to change their ways and contribute to a better water footprint. Water is critical for
ecological systems and the health of humans. Animals or plants...show more content...
Examples of products and water is that the "global average water footprint: 15500 liters of water
per kg of beef" and the "global average water footprint: 2400 liters of water for one hamburger!"
(Network, 2010) Understanding the amount of water our world uses is imperative as there are many
consequences to follow globally.
The global consequences of using so much water are that globally we are in a water crisis. The
demand for water is always a necessity and as population increases the need for water increases. The
lack of safe drinking water and sanitation varies from country to country. "More than one out of
six people lack access to safe drinking water, namely 1.1 billion people, and more than two out of
six people lack adequate sanitation, namely 2.6 billion people. 2900 children die every day from
water borne diseases". (Council, 2009) Not only is there a crisis with consumption of water for
people but also it is critical that humans reduce the amount of water they use for industrial and
agricultural development in order not to effect the aquatic ecosystems and their species. "Water
covers almost 70 percent of the surface of the globe and is the Earth's most abundant resource.
About 97 percent of the water is the oceans and is too salty for drinking, growing crops, and most
other human resources". (Frederick, 2004)
Since globally there is a water crisis, it is important to conserve as much water as possible every
day. Not only understanding how I

Author: Chien–Lin Haung, Nien–Sheng Hsu, Chih–Chiang Wei, and Wei–Jiun Luo Optimal Spatial
Design of Capacity and Quantity of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Urban Flood Mitigation http:/
/www.mdpi.com/2073–4441/7/9/5173/htm The change of global climate and the increasing rate of
severe hydrological events, combined with Taiwan's densely populated and overdeveloped areas.
Flooding caused by heavy rainfall is more than what it can handle. When there is a typhoon and
heavy rainfall, the water level rise very quickly. The pumping stations cannot handle that much
water, and can't keep up with the water levels. Over time, they have debated about putting in
rainwater harvest systems. Rainwater harvest systems are containers that collect roof...show more
content...
In 2012, Campisano and Modica created a dimensionless methodology for the best design of
domestic rainwater harvest systems. From these studies, it can be proved that the previous research
had poorly designed the intake of the rainwater harvest systems. The size of the designs of rainwater
harvest systems were kept in small communities. They also lacked consideration of all metropolitan
catchments varying in special capacity and quality of the systems. The second category in rainwater
harvest systems is simulation and evaluation of the effectiveness. First the research included
evaluating the possible potential for safe to drink water savings by using rainwater in residential
areas. The second thing that was in the research was estimating nonpotable household potential. With
the performance of storage type, and investigating the potential benefits from sharing rainwater
harvest systems with neighbors by using rainfall data. Establishing the probabilistic relationships
between storage capacities and deficit rates of rainwater harvest systems was some of the next things
that were used to consideration. These studies weren't really considered for the surface and sewer
flowing after rainwater. There are many studies evaluating the performance and reliability if
rainwater harvest systems using numerical or hydrological models. Jones and Hunt figured

Rain Water Harvesting
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Rainwater harvesting
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article includes a list of references, but its sources
remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help toimprove this article by
introducing more precise citations. (June 2012)|
Rainwater harvesting is the accumulating and storing of rainwater for reuse before it reaches the
aquifer. It has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock, water for irrigation, as well as
other typical uses. Rainwater collected from the roofs of houses and local institutions can make an
important contribution to the availability of drinking water. See also first flush. Contents [show] |
...show more content...
Veeranam is a 16–kilometre (9.9 mi) long tank with a storage capacity of 1,465 mcft.
[edit]Present day * Currently in China and Brazil, rooftop rainwater harvesting is being practiced
for providing drinking water, domestic water, water for livestock, water for small irrigation and a
way to replenish ground water levels. Gansu province in China and semi–arid north east Brazil have
the largest rooftop rainwater harvesting projects ongoing. * In Bermuda, the law requires all new
construction to include rainwater harvesting adequate for the residents. * The U.S. Virgin Islands
have a similar law. * In Senegal and Guinea–Bissau, the houses of the Diola–people are frequently
equipped with homebrew rainwater harvesters made from local, organic materials. * In the
Irrawaddy Delta of Myanmar, the groundwater is saline and communities rely on mud–lined
rainwater ponds to meet their drinking water needs throughout the dry season. Some of these ponds
are centuries old and are treated with great reverence and respect.

Disadvantages Of Dry Storage Containers
Dry storage containers are most commonly available in 10, 20 and 40 feet lengths. They are widely
used and found in a variety of colours depending on their branding and label. Nevertheless, they
come in high cubes as well, whereby the height of the containers are slightly higher than the standard
ones. The most striking advantage of using dry storage container is that they are highly reusable.
They are constructed mainly with different compositions of steel such as structural steel, wieldable
steel that are weather proof and non–corrosive in the long run. they are both durable and strong.
Moreover, a steel lockbox feature may be added to it to enhance the security. It is mostly constructed
with different compositions of steel for the entire...show more content...
They generally come in 20 and 40 feet length which is similar to that of the dry storage container.
However, due to the refrigeration unit and ventilation equipment, some space are occupied
resulting in a slight decrease in cargo space available. It is a temperature controlled container that
can go as low as negative 60 degree Celsius or even high temperature too if required. They are
even equipped with a dehumidifier to ensure optimal humidity and some even offer the control
over the atmosphere such as adjusting the composition of air inside the container. They are often
used for the shipment of perishables such as flowers and fruits like bananas or even frozen
goods.Its refrigeration unit is connected to the carrying ship's electrical power supply and in some
cases an external battery Air Freight Container / Pallet Air Freight Containers are also known as
Unit Load Devices (ULD). They are constructed with sheets of aluminum that are specially molded
to fit plane's profile. the various edges of the plane so as to maximize the limited amount of space.
They are certified for air–worthiness to make sure they won't jeopardise flight safety or harm the

Measurement Folio Task : Rainwater Harvesting
Measurement Folio Task
Rainwater Harvesting
Introduction:
In today's world, the scarcity of water due to global warming and climate changes is a major
problem. This cannot be reduced just by introducing water restrictions, it is necessary to collect and
store water in order to use them during droughts and situations where the supply of water is limited.
For this purpose, many cities have decided to build rainwater harvesting tanks in order to collect and
store rainwater for future use.
Rainwater can be used in various ways including watering gardens, toilet flushes, household chores
etc. Though, it is not advisable to drink rainwater, it can still be used for cooking after being boiled
or cleansed.
This report will include investigating several things such as the sizes of the tanks required for a
certain volume of water, the volume of water that should be used during different times of the year
and so on.
Through this task, common questions like– What is the capacity of rainfall that my roof can catch?
How often does rainfall occur? / What is the average rainfall in my area? What dimensions of the
tank would I need, to save a certain amount of water? How much water would I need for a certain
period of time? Would be answered
Answers
To prove: 1mm of rain that falls on 1m2 of surface = 1 litre of water in the tank.
L.H.S= 1 mm of rain on 1m2 of surface
Volume/ Capacity = h*A
= 1mm * 1m2
= 0.001m * 1m2 (Since 1mm= 0.001m)
= 0.001m3
1m3 = 1000 litre
в€
ґ

Water Conservation
WATER CONSERVATION
INTRODUCTION:
Water is essential for life on earth. Water is needed for growing food, keeping ourselves clean,
generating power, controlling fire and most importantly to stay alive! This list is simply non–ending.
This shows that water is an integral part of our daily life and we are heavily dependent on it.
Water conservation–
Refers to reducing the usage of water and recycling of waste water for different purposes such as
cleaning, manufacturing, and agricultural irrigation.
Water conservation can be defined as:
1. A reduction in water use accomplished by implementation of water conservation or water
efficiency measures; or, 2. Improved water management practices that reduce or enhance the...show
more content...
Using less water also puts less pressure on our sewage treatment facilities, and uses less energy for
water supply to the grid.
Why should you conserve water?
There are many good reasons to conserve water. Water conservation can help meet future needs.
Saving water will save you money. Water conservation helps preserve the environment. Saving water
will save energy.
Although water conservation helps, some people have misconceptions about what water
conservation can and can't do. If we all work together to conserve water, we can help assure a bright
and prosperous life for future generations. Become an advocate of conservation in your community.
Help promote conservation as a wise and important water management principle.
[pic]SAVE MONEY–
Conserving water saves you money! Not only will your water bill go down, but as you use less
water, your gas or energy bill will also decline. If your whole community conserves, you will also
pay less fees for water–related services. Water conserving communities will not need to pay as much
to develop new supplies and expand or upgrade water and wastewater infrastructure.
Wise usage of water helps us in saving money. We have to pay for the water we use. If we use less
water, we will have more money left to spend on other things.
Preserve the Environment–
Water is the life–blood of

Essay about Rain
Stepping outside, I instantly notice the fresh, wet scent of earth. As I continue walking, I willingly
allow the sprinkling droplets to envelop my entire body. My shoes are soon soaked; with each step
I take, I feel a puddle of water move beneath my feet. The rain hurls itself violently on the dark,
slippery pavement. My hair is dripping with ice–cold raindrops which plummet to the earth with
every movement I make. The numbing effect of the icy downpour is finally setting in. Fierce
thunder clouds sneak into the murderous sky and flashing lightning strikes begin. The rain falls faster
and heavier. My feet move quickly as I run down the road. I rush into my house and proceed to stare
out the window and observe the vicious storm that is only...show more content...
As a person lets the cool rain wash over them, a feeling of renewal and cleanliness is created.
Depression rates skyrocket during the dark and dreary seasons. This condition is known as Seasonal
Affective Disorder. About 5–percent of adults in the United States live with this condition. The loss
of sunlight and increase of poor weather – snow, rain, wind– contribute to the severity of the
disorder. During the fall and winter months, it often rains. This is one contributing factor to SAD.
Although rain can be light and happy, it can also be extremely harsh. Thunderstorms are often
present during heavy rainstorms. The electric flashes of light bring about nothing but fear; the
pounding rain only intensifies the storm. It is easy to see why the mere sight of rain depresses
some people. When rain is mentioned, I think of light ecstatic sprinkling. However, because of
the different experiences each individual has, the opposite conclusion could be made. Rain drops
strongly resemble teardrops. Because of this astounding resemblance, a connection between sad
teardrops and rain is made. During a rain storm, the sky is not clear and blue; it is murky and gray.
Colors have feelings associated with them. Blue is happy and bubbly while gray is sad and dull. A
depressed person will take a quick look at the rain and jump back in their beds.
It seems like in every good love story there is always a passionate kissing scene. A couple gets into a
fight, splits

Descriptive Essay On Rain
It's cool and dark outside of the car as we drive, dark clouds hovering over the plains as fat, heavy
drops of water fall from the full clouds. The lights of cars and streetlights and cars blur with the
flow of water on the side windows, our speed not fast enough to force the drops to flow back
along the windows. It's not until we start on the highway and the water starts to move that I find
my objects of interest in front of me in the form of the rain and the memories of my childhood
that surface with them. The rain on the windshield was and still is pleasant to watch. The way the
drops clump together and make small rivers that travel up the window before being slashed at by
the windshield wiper. It's calming to watch the water move as it wants, making new trails as the
wind fights to push the raindrops upwards. It reminds me of a sort of game I used to play when I
was little and watched the rain run across the windows. I used to always imagine that the rain that
gathered at the bottom of the window near the wiper motors where all the little water people that
needed to get away because they were trapped there unless they could collect into a big fat drop
that could carry them out of reach of the wipers when it went by. I always imagined that they
were escaping to little space pods that would bring them to the outer edge of the window that I
considered to be outer space where it was safe, and the side windows as the paths they had to take
to get home. When I was young this little game would entertain me on long car rides. I was never
fond of the windshield wipers. The way the black arms would come to push away all the escaping
water, cutting off the paths of the little droplets and flinging some away while shoving the rest back
into the bottom of the window. As a child, it made me frustrated that it would always ruin the
departure of the make–believe escape pods. I hated the sound the wipers would occasionally make
when the window was too dry to give it a slick path to slide over. It was also ugly and reminded
me of some sort of weird arm that was devoid of muscle or flesh, much like a skeleton which was
fitting. The windshield wiper represented death and failure of the hopeful, little traveling droplets;

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND
Rainwater harvesting system (RWHS) is a direct collection of water from roofs and other purpose
built catchments. It is also as the collection of sheet runoff from a made–man ground or natural
surface catchments and rock catchments for domestic, industry, agriculture and environmental use
(Abdul Hamid & Nordin, 2011). Normally, RWHS is depended to the size of the roof catchment
area and the available rainfall. RWHS usually have six components. There are the catchment area,
gutter and downspout, a filtration system, a storage system, a delivery system and a treatment
system. According to (M. Martim & W. Watkins, Jr, 2010, pp. 2000
–2009) RWHS is a roof
collection system which has three main...show more content...
The government is trying to promote the application of RWH systems in buildings, houses, mosques
and others. Therefore, the RWH systems are not considered as a new phenomenon.
The RWH systems apply an environmental friendly design. People throughout Malaysia lack enough
knowledge of knowing the benefits RWH systems. Within the support and effort of government in
promoting the application of RWH systems, the numbers of buildings and others using the RWH
systems increased.
The establishment of National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) make people
aware to study how the importance of RWH systems actually. Based on NAHRIM, approximately
RWH systems begun implemented during of drought crisis in 1998 which brought unpleasant water
supply disruptions for Klang Valley folks.
Although, the application is still ongoing, the implementation of RWH systems in building offices
not widely use. This implementation is executed more on green building offices. From these
circumstances, it seems like RWH systems only competence to the green buildings because RWH
systems is non environmental impact and it design for green. Here, we will look how far
differences of efficiency RWH System between green building and non green building on this study.
Besides, RWH systems are described as water and energy efficiency that had further explained in
background. Although, RWH

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rooftops
In Cairo, Manshiet Nasser is a prime location for Zabbaleen which are local collectors of garbage.
They are supposed to recycle the city's waste and they recycle as much as 80% of the collected
refuse (Simpson, 2016). Most of the rooftops at this area is used as a space for storing, segregating
garbage, and processing Garbage where it is considered as a valuable resource of income and
business. Residence and work areas are attached to one another.
In downtown Cairo, Zamalek, and some other areas. Many rooftops are used as residence
especially in the areas where the buildings' rooftops do have previously service rooms for drivers
and maids' Focusing more on such areas, it's also considered as suitable living areas(s) for many
families that couldn't find the suitable homes, especially with the shortage of housing units. Having
these rooftops with basic conditions of living standards, prime location among the city, is not a bad
idea to be hosting many residents.
5. Literature review
5.1. Green roof definition.
A green roof is defined as a living roof at the top of a building which is either partly or totally
covered with vegetation and a growing medium and underneath it is a strong and water resistant
membrane. Some additional layers are sometimes included in it as well like root barrier along with
a system of irrigation and drainage. Plants are grown on the top of the roofs and this helps in the
replacement of vegetated footprints which were lost while constructing the

Water Conservation
How do we stabilize the use of water in American Urban cities without wasting too much money and
drastically changing the lifestyles of people?
When it comes to water conservation, there are two types of changes that are looked upon. There are
little changes in the lifestyles of people and there are changes using technology. Within the two, the
majority of people look at changes using technology, such as desalination and water recycling. In the
other end, mostly environmentalists and vegan activists look at the amount of water eating food
uses and how the agriculture industry uses about half the water in the United States. But is this
really true? And which form of water conservation can be most efficient for the prolongment of the
earth?
Objective definitions are necessary in to understand what " stabilization of the use of water"
really means.The Merriam Webster Definition of "stabilize" is "to make stable, steadfast, or
firm." To be stable is to be "in a good state or condition that is not easily changed or likely to
change," according to Merriam Webster. In this research paper, I will be using "stabilization of
water" as efficiently using water and not letting it go to waste, such as the what The United States
and other more developed country have already doing. Desalination is converting seawater into
drinking water. Rainwater Harvesting is capturing water through rain and storing for later use. Green
roofs are a form of rainwater harvesting where

RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUND WATER
RAJASTHAN CONTEXT by Dr. S. K. GUPTA
Scientist 'D' Central Ground Water Board Western Region, Jaipur
Rain water harvesting and Artificial recharge of ground water
Rainwater harvesting is the technique of collection
and storage of rain water at surface or in subsurface aquifer, before it is lost as surface run off or as
evaporation.
The artificial recharge to ground water is a process by which the ground water reservoir is
augmented at a rate exceeding that under natural conditions of replenishment utilizing suitable civil
construction techniques.
Identification of Area
Areas where availability of ground water is inadequate in lean months. Areas where groundwater
levels...show more content...
Check Dam, Cement Plug, Nala Bund
A series of small bunds are made across selected nala sections such that the flow of surface water
in the stream channel is impeded and water is retained on pervious soil/rock surface for longer
period. Nala bunds are constructed across bigger nalas of second order streams in areas having
gentler slopes. A nala bund acts like a mini percolation tank.
Horizontal Section of Nala Bund
Vertical Section of Nala Bund
Site Characteristic and Design Guidelines
The total catchment of the nala should normally be between 40 to 100 Hectares. The rainfall in the
catchment should be 25 m). Aquifer is over lain by impervious thick clay beds. Injection well can be
with or without assembly. The Injection well with assembly should have screen in the potential
aquifer at least 3–5 m below the water level. The injection well without assembly is filled with
gravel to provide hydraulic continuity so that water is directly recharged into the aquifer.
п‚§ п‚§
The injection well without assembly is very costeffective. The efficiency is very high and rate of
recharge goes even up to 15 1ps at certain places. Vertical Shaft with Injection Well
Rainwater Harvesting Structure, Collectorate Building, Jaipur
Lateral Recharge Shaft

пЃ±
Ideally suited for areas where permeable sandy horizon is within 3 meter

The Water Crisis and Solutions Essay
There is a global shortage of drinking water. A person might wonder how this can be if seventy
percent of the earth's surface is covered by water. Most of the Earth's water is unsuitable for human
consuption. Ocean water is salt water, which makes up 97.5% of all water on the planet. Freshwater
is only 3.5% of all the water on Earth. Drinking water is sourced from bodies of freshwater.
Freshwater is quite scarce, but it is even scarcer than one might think: about seventy percent of all
freshwater is frozen in the icecaps of Antarctica and Greenland and is unavailable to humans. Most
of the remainder is present as soil moisture or lies in deep underground aquifers as groundwater. It is
not economically feasible to extract this waster...show more content...
Instead of increasing the supply of water to meet demand, a more viable method of addressing the
water crisis is to manage consumption. The world population continues to grow, and trying to
increase the supply of water is risky at best and usually costs exorbitant amounts of money, making
this option available only to wealthy or economically developed countries. Therefore, controlling the
use of water in municipalities or having a national policy of water conservation would allow the
world's supply of freshwater to better sustain itself through rainfall and other methods. Conserving
water also saves energy, and energy is needed to treat, transport, and heat freshwater.
For water–saving programs to succeed, however, several things must be in place. The water saving
program implemented by the city of Zaragoza in Spain highlights some basic actions required for
such a program to succeed. Firstly, "rather than being a collection of fragmented, individual
initiatives, the setting up of the Zaragoza Water Commission allowed the effective coordination of
consultation, implementation and evaluation of different activities, with the aim of achieving a
common goal." (Water demand management, 2010) Secondly, the goal of reducing water use by all
types of consumers requires the cooperation of a wide range of stakeholders. Working closely with
stakeholder representatives allows the identification of realistic and acceptable water

Rainwater Harvesting: Conserving Water at DHS
Decatur High School uses water for numerous tasks on a daily basis. Whether its watering schools
lawns, washing animals at the Ag building, watering greenhouse plants, or cooking in the cafeteria
and washing one's hands; DHS could not function without the readily available supply of water.
Unfortunately, water has become scarcer in Texas over the past few years, because of extreme
drought conditions. Due to the limited supply of water in Wise County and surrounding areas,
DHS should install a rainwater harvesting system. People often take water for granted, assuming
that it will always be readily available. They see endless pictures of beautiful lakes, rivers, and
oceans that have an abundance of crystal clear water on websites such as...show more content...
In the same way, Georgia Tech created a 6000–gallon collection system that waters landscape and
allows over flow to travel to a nearby pond ("Old Civil"). These two schools are merely examples
of the hundreds of schools seeking to make a positive impact on their environment. At CHRIS Kids,
a foster care system in Atlanta, Georgia, a 19,400–gallon collection tank was built to provide water
for irrigation. Property manager Harold Moreau stated "We use those gallons of water for our
irrigation. The property has a lot of natural vegetation, and with the readily available source of
water from the cistern, we're able to water accordingly as well as reduce costs, because we're not
taking in any city water to use for our irrigation program"("CHRIS Kids"). Building a proper
rainwater system can be rather expensive upfront; however, many organizations offer funding to
assist with the cost and in the long run, the benefits will outweigh the cost that was spent to build
it. According to the Texas Water Development Board, a typical collection system for a home will
cost between eight to ten thousand dollars ("Frequently Asked Questions"). While this sounds like
an outrageous price to collect a small amount of water, systems can actually collect a lot of water
from only a little amount of rain. The average rainfall in Austin is 32 inches annually, but homes
can collect up to 34,000 gallons of water per year ("Frequently Asked

Rain Water Harvesting
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Other Information
In the present scenario management and distribution of water has become centralized. People
depend on government system, which has resulted in disruption of community participation in water
management and collapse of traditional water harvesting system.
As the water crisis continues to become severe, there is a dire need of reform in water
management system and revival of traditional systems. Scientific and technological studies needs to
be carried out to assess present status so as to suggest suitable mitigative measures for the revival to
traditional system/wisdom. Revival process should necessarily be backed by people 's...show more
content...
This method is less expensive and very effective and if implemented properly helps in augmenting
the ground water level of the area.
Components of the roof top rainwater harvesting system
The illustrative design of the basic components of roof top rainwater harvesting system is given in
the following typical schematic diagram/
The system mainly constitutes of following sub components:
В§ Catchment
В§ Transportation
В§ First flush
В§ Filter
The surface that receives rainfall directly is the catchment of rainwater harvesting system. It may be
terrace, courtyard, or paved or unpaved open ground. The terrace may be flat RCC/stone roof or
sloping roof. Therefore the catchment is the area, which actually contributes rainwater to the
harvesting system.
Transportation
Rainwater from rooftop should be carried through down take water pipes or drains to storage
/harvesting system. Water pipes should be UV resistant (ISI HDPE/PVC pipes) of required capacity.

Water from sloping roofs could be caught through gutters and down take pipe. At terraces, mouth of
the each drain should have wire mesh to restrict floating material.
First Flush
First flush is a device used to flush off the water received in first shower. The first shower of rains
needs to be flushed–off to avoid contaminating storable/rechargeable water by the probable
contaminants of the atmosphere and the catchment roof. It

Essay On Rain Water Harvesting

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Essay On Rain Water Harvesting