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2. Republic of India
8/15/1947- Day of Independence
1/26/1950- Republic Day
Preamble to the Constitution
WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India
into a _1[SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC]
and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political;
LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;
and to promote among them all
FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the _2[unity and
integrity of the Nation];
IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November,
1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS
CONSTITUTION.
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3. India the continent
 18 official languages
 Area 3.28 million sq km, 1.04 billion
population
 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian 3% other
 80% Hindu, 14% Muslim, 2.4% Christian,
2% Sikh, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.5 % Jains,
0.4% other.
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4. India - Political
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5. National Flag
 Saffron, White and Green
 Ashoka Wheel, blue color
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6. National Emblem
 Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka
 Four Lions, Wheel
 Truth alone triumphs
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7. Other
 National Anthem – Jana gana mana
 National Animal- Tiger
 National Bird- Peacock
 National Flower- Lotus
 National Languages
 Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani,
Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi,
Tamil, Telugu, Urdu
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8. Prehistory
 Indian history is as old as the
history of mankind. Artifacts dating
back to as much as 500,000 years
have been found
Rock Painting,
Madhya Pradesh
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9. History, B. C.
 Indus Valley Civilization
2500-1500 B.C.
 Mohenjodaro
 Harappa
 Planned city with
sewage facilities
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10. History, B. C., cont.
 Aryan Immigration from Central
Europe (Vedas are composed,
caste system established)
 563-483 B. C., Gautama Buddha
 326 B. C., Alexander the Great,
invades India.
 300 B. C. Chandragupta Maurya
 272 B. C. Emperor Ashoka, spread
of Buddhism.
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11. The Indian Empire - Ashoka
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12. India, Ano Domini
 52 A. D., St. Thomas comes to India
 325 A.D., Thomas of Canaan
 4th and 5th Century A.D. Gupta Dynasty,
India’s golden age.
 10th and 11th Centuries, Turks & Afghan
invasion
 Marco Polo (1288)
 Sikhism (15th century)
 Vasco-da-gama 1498
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13. Muslim Influence
 Mughals (decendants of Ghengis Khan)
 1526- Babur
 1530- Humayun
 1556- Akbar
 1605- Jehangir
 1627- Shah Jehan (Taj Mahal)
 1627-80 Shivaji (founder of Maratha kingdom)
 1631- Construction on Taj Mahal
 1658- Aurangazeb
 1862- Bahdur Shah, last Mughal emperor
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14. Taj Mahal
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15. British India
 By late 17th Century the British has
outpost in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta
 By 1850 the British had total control of
present day India, Pakistan and
Bangladesh
 1857 Sepoy Mutiny (First war of
Independence)
 1885, Indian National Congress formed
 1920 Mohandas K. Gandhi transformed
the Indian National Congress to a mass
movement against British rule.
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16. Fight for Independence
 1919, Massacre at Jallianwala bagh.
 1930, Dandi or Salt March, India’s
Boston Tea Party
 1931, Martyrdom of Bhagat Singh.
 1942, Quit India movement
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17. Independent India
 On August 15, 1947, India
becomes independent with
Jawaharlal Nehru as the PM.
 Hindu-Muslim rivalry leads to
creation of Pakistan
 On January 26, 1950 Indian
becomes a republic after the
adoption of the constitution.
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18. Nehru Speech at Independence.
Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time
comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full
measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight
hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and
freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history,
when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and
when the soul of a nation, long supressed, finds utterance. It is
fitting that at this solemn moment we take the pledge of
dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still
larger cause of humanity.
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19. India, a vibrant democracy
 Except for 2 years of its history,
regular elections have been held
 Member of select club of countries
with nuclear capability and a space
program
 Of late, a world leader in IT.
 Net importer of food to net exporter
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20. Problems facing India
 Population: 1 billion and counting
 Literacy, less than 1 in 2 people
can read.
 Others: Corruption, Work Culture,
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21. Resources & Credits
 http://www.indianchild.com
 http://indiaimage.nic.in
 http://www.webindia123.com
 http://www.kamat.com
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