2. ObjectivesObjectives
Describe seven basic types of DSS.Describe seven basic types of DSS.
Discuss different categories of DSS.Discuss different categories of DSS.
Based on supportBased on support
Based on nature of decision situationBased on nature of decision situation
Based on number of usersBased on number of users
Understand where different types of DSS fit intoUnderstand where different types of DSS fit into
Simon’s model of decision making.Simon’s model of decision making.
3. The DSS HierarchyThe DSS Hierarchy
Suggestion systemsSuggestion systems
Optimization systemsOptimization systems
Representational modelsRepresentational models
Accounting modelsAccounting models
Analysis informationAnalysis information
systemssystems
Data analysis systemsData analysis systems
File drawer systemsFile drawer systems
4. File Drawer SystemsFile Drawer Systems
They are the simplest type of DSS
Can provide access to data items
Data is used to make a decision
ATM Machine
Use the balance to make transfer of funds
decisions
5. Data Analysis SystemsData Analysis Systems
Provide access to data
Allows data manipulation capabilities
Airline Reservation system
No more seats available
Provide alternative flights you can use
Use the info to make flight plans
6. Analysis Information SystemsAnalysis Information Systems
Information from several files are combined
Some of these files may be external
We have a true “data base”
The information from one file, table, can be
combined with information from other files
to answer a specific query.
7. Accounting ModelsAccounting Models
Use internal accounting data
Provide accounting modeling capabilities
Can not handle uncertainty
Use Bill of Material
– Calculate production cost
– Make pricing decisions
8. Representational ModelRepresentational Model
Can incorporate uncertainty
Uses models to solve decision problem
using forecasts
Can be used to augment the capabilities of
Accounting models
Use the demand data to forecast next years
demand
Use the results to make inventory decisions.
9. Optimization SystemsOptimization Systems
Used to estimate the effects of different
decision alternative
Based on optimization models
Can incorporate uncertainty
Assign sales force to territory
Provide the best assignment schedule
10. Suggestion SystemsSuggestion Systems
A descriptive model used to suggest to the
decision maker the best action
A prescriptive model used to suggest to the
decision maker the best action
May incorporate an Expert System
Use the system to recommend a decision
Ex: Applicant applies for personal loan
11. DSS CategoriesDSS Categories
Support-based categories (Alter 1980)Support-based categories (Alter 1980)
– Data-based DSSData-based DSS
– Model-based DSSModel-based DSS
Nature of the decision situation (Donovan &Nature of the decision situation (Donovan &
Madnick 1977)Madnick 1977)
– InstitutionalInstitutional
– Ad hocAd hoc
User-based categories (Keen 1980)User-based categories (Keen 1980)
– IndividualIndividual
– Multi-individualMulti-individual
– GroupGroup
12. DSS CategoriesDSS Categories
Support based DSSSupport based DSS
Data-based DSSData-based DSS
Model-based DSSModel-based DSS
Structured
Semi-structure
Unstructured
Model-based
DSS
Data-based
DSS
13. DSS CategoriesDSS Categories
Based on the nature of the decision situationBased on the nature of the decision situation
InstitutionalInstitutional
Culture of the organizationCulture of the organization
Regularly usedRegularly used
Used by more than one personsUsed by more than one persons
Ad hocAd hoc
One of kindOne of kind
One-time useOne-time use
Used by single individualUsed by single individual
14. DSS CategoriesDSS Categories
Based on number of usersBased on number of users
IndividualIndividual
Multi-individualMulti-individual
GroupGroup
Benefits Individual Multi-
individual
Group
Improving personal efficiency H H L
Expediting problem solving L M H
Facilitating communication L L H
Promoting learning M H H
Increasing control L H M
15. Simon’s ModelSimon’s Model
Problem Identification
Qualitative
Analysis
Quantitative
Analysis
Decision
External Internal
AI, EIS
ES
DbDSS,
MbDSS
GDSS
ES
DSS
Intelligence
Design
Choice
18. Terminal ModeTerminal Mode
Direct use of the DSS by the decision
maker
Access is through individual terminals
May be user specific requirements
19. Clerk ModeClerk Mode
Decision maker fills out a form requesting
output from DSS
A clerk accesses the DSS
Sends the output to the decision maker
20. Intermediary ModeIntermediary Mode
Decision maker uses the DSS with the help
of a professional, knowledgeable assistant
The assistant can be either a:
– Staff Assistant
– Technical Support Staff
– Business Analyst
