TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
The industry developed
1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
23.09.13
The industrial
revolution started in
England in the last
decades of the
XVIIIth century,
and it spread ou to
other European
countries very soon.
It had huge
consequences on
production, society,
towns, ideologies…
3. 23.09.13
In XIX century Poland was
divided into three parts
between Russia, Austria
and Prusy,
so the industrial revolution
was not as strong as in
other parts of Europe.
The industry developed the
best in German part then in
Russian and finally in
Austrian land.
4. 23.09.13
- Śląsk – mining and steel
industry (mines of iron,
stone coal and zinc ores)
- Łódź and Żyrardów –
textile industry
- Dąbrowa Górnicza –
heavy industry
There were used modern
methods and equipment.
5. 23.09.13
In this time many great Polish scientists left
the country, because of difficult political
situation, so a lot of inventions were
originated abroad.
–he built Trans-Andean Railways; it is the
second highest in the world.
Ernest Malinowski
10. 23.09.13
In Poland it is worth to mention:
- Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski –
they condensed oxygen and nitrogen in low
temperature.
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz – he founded first oil
mine in the world and created oil lamp.
Wróblewski and Olszewski
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
11. INDUSTRY IN FRANCE
23.09.13
Coal mine
Iron and steel industry
Cloth industry
Industrial area
Main industrial town
Financial place
The main French industrial
areas are located in
- Northen France
- Paris
- Lyon
13. 23.09.13
Working conditions
were very hard:
-children from 6
years old worked in
the mines and cloth
industries.
- women and childre
were very poorly
paid, half of what
men got
- 15 hours work a day
- no safe working
conditions
-- hard rules in the
firm
14. By the end of the XIXth century,
after many strikes, laws had
improved the working condition
• 1813 : employing children under 10 in the
pits is forbidden
• 1841 : rules about childre working time
• 1874 : creation of Labour inspectors;
children’s work forbidden under 12.
• 1893 : law about safety and healthyness at
work; workday for children mustn’t excess 10
hours
• 1914: some jobs are forbidden for women
and children
23.09.13
15. FRENCH RAILWAY
23.09.13
1831: first
locomotive between
Lyon and Saint-
Etienne
1831 First locomotive
between Lyon and Saint-
Etienne
1837: first train for
passengers between Paris
and Saint-Germain-en-
Laye
19. Norway in the beginning
of the 19th century
• Norway was a peasant society.
• There were about 883 000 Norwegians and about
80% of these lived on agriculture.
• Other important sections of the economy were
fisheries and forestry.
• Industry consisted of small businesses manufacturing
soap, bricks, glass, iron furnaces and beer.
• Production was small and the majority of operations
performed by hand.
21. First development of industry
from the mid 19th century
• New, manufacturing industries
arrived in Norway from Great
Britain in the 1840s.
• Knowledge and machines imported
from England.
• The first textile mills built in
Christiania (later called Oslo) and
near Trondheim and Bergen.
• Engineering workshops came
around the same date.
• Cellulose factories came in the
1860s and 1870s.
23. Several new industries
• Development in iron and metal industry.
• Norway started producing its own machines.
• Companies that used Norwegian ingredients (fish and
timber) in production for a foreign market appeared in
the 1870s.
• Canning and pulp industry date from this period.
• The power of waterfalls harnessed, factories began
using electricity.
• The exploitation of hydroelectric power lead to
construction of electrochemical factories producing
e.g. aluminium, zinc, nitrate, carbide.
24. Development of new industrial towns
Høyanger 1917, one year after
the work on establishing
industry began
Høyanger 1934
The aluminium factory today
25. Development in infrastructure
and migration
• New roads built.
• New railways made it much easier to travel and send mail and
packages.
• The steamer, the postal and telegraphic services linked the
different parts of the country.
• The urban population increased from 15% to 30% of the total
population between 1865 and 1900.