https://youtu.be/QNP4KkNFzu4
Thematic analysis is a technique of data analysis while conducting a qualitative study. Thematic analysis is the most recognized, adapted, and used approach to analyze qualitative data.
This video is made as per the illustrations and procedures explained in the Braun and Clarke (2006) research article on Thematic Analysis.
Have you just conducted a qualitative study involving:
Interviews
Focus Groups
Observations
Document or artifact analysis
Journal notes or reflections?
How to use this type of data?
Just as there are numerous statistical tests to run for quantitative data, there are just as many options for qualitative data analysis.
THEMATIC APPROACH
Most common forms of analysis in qualitative research. It emphasizes Pinpointing, Examining, Recording
Patterns (or "themes") within data.
Themes are patterns across data sets that are important to the description of a phenomenon and are associated to a specific research question.
Themes become categories for analysis
6 Phases of Coding
(Thematic Analysis)
1-Familiarization with data
2-Generating initial codes
3-Searching for themes among codes
4-Reviewing themes
5-Defining and naming themes
6-Producing the final report
Thematic analysis in qualitative research Explained with Example
1. Thematic Analysis in Qualitative Research
Explained with
Example
COURSE: QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
INSTRUCTOR: SUFI NOUMAN RIAZ
DATE: 24 FEB 2020
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LEC # 02
2. Have you just conducted a qualitative study
involving…
Interviews
Focus Groups
Observations
Document or artifact analysis
Journal notes or reflections?
Data Collection
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3. Just as there are numerous statistical
tests to run for quantitative data,
there are just as many options for
qualitative data analysis…
How to use this type of
data?
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5. THEMATIC APPROACH
Most common forms of analysis in qualitative
research
It emphasizes
Pinpointing
Examining
Recording
Patterns (or "themes") within data.
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6. Themes
Themes are patterns across data sets
that are important to the description
of a phenomenon and are associated
to a specific research question.
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9. Let’s suppose you’ve interviewed
10 to 12 participants and
gathered data in the form of
keynotes and Audio Recordings
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10. TRANSCRIPTION
Many qualitative studies collect
audio or video data (e.g.
recordings of interviews, focus
groups or talk in consultation),
and these are
usually transcribed into written
form for closer study
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12. TRANSCRIPTION
After data collection, the researcher needs to begin
copying the data into written form. It involves:
Quickly Browse through all records, as a whole
Make notes about your first impression
Read the transcripts again, one by one
Read vary carefully, line by line
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13. Coding
Coding is an analytical process in
which data sets are categorized to
facilitate analysis.
“Coding is used to identify Themes”
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14. Think of managing your qualitative analysis
process like cleaning your closets – the same basic
steps apply!
LIKE CLEANING A CLOSET
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15. Take everything out of the closet
Sort everything, Keep or free
Organize leftovers it into sub-groups (chunking)
Organize sub-groups into clusters of similar things
that belong together (codes)
As you put things back, how would you group them
to maximize functionality? (interpretation,
presentation)
It’s the same process…
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16. PHASES
Psychologists Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke developed this approach
performed through the process of coding in six phases to create
established, meaningful patterns. These phases are:
1. Familiarization with data
2. Generating initial codes
3. Searching for themes among codes
4. Reviewing themes
5. Defining and naming themes
6. Producing the final report
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22. How to do this:
Label relevant words
Stay close to transcription
The data which is most relevant. It can be :
Repeated several times.
It surprises you
It explicitly states that it is important
It reminds you of a theory or concept
It is related to published reports
Create categories by bringing several codes together.
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23. Data Reduction
Reduce data to classes or categories in which the researcher is
able to identify segments of the data that share a common
category or code.
Siedel and Kelle (1995) suggest three ways to aid with the
process of data reduction and coding:
(a) Noticing relevant phenomena
(b) Collecting examples of the phenomena
(c) Analyzing phenomena to find similarities,
differences, patterns and overlying structures.
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24. Data Complication
Going beyond the data
Create new interpretations
Finding hidden Patterns
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28. 3. Searching for themes
In this phase, it is important to begin by examining
how codes combine to form over-reaching themes
in the data. At this point, researchers have a list of
themes and begin to focus on broader patterns in
the data, combining coded data with proposed
themes. Researchers also begin considering how
relationships are formed between codes and themes
and between different levels of existing themes.
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Frequency
Descriptive codes
Sub Theme / Category
Themes
31. Producing the report
After final themes have been reviewed, researchers
begin the process of writing the final report. While
writing the final report, researchers should decide
on themes that make meaningful contributions to
answering research questions which should be
refined later as final themes.
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