This presentation was given by SPA Vijayawada for "Anusandhaana" - XV Annual NOSPlan Convention

1. XV Annual NOSPlan Convention

2. Safe cities are the cities which ensures safe living environment for its citizens.
Crime free
Safety for
differently
abled
Safety from
natural
disasters
Safety from
human
made
disasters
Safety of
Dependent
Population
Safe living
environment
Adequate
health care
facilities
Safety of
pedestrians
Safety on
road
Sanitation
facilities
Pollution
free air and
water
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada
Why we are talking about safe
cities?
• Security of citizens has
become more critical as
cities and their infrastructure
evolve.
• As city gets bigger
(urbanization) = more and
more anonymous threats.
• Increasing pressure on local
authorities to cope with
expected and unexpected
security threats against
citizens.

3.  INTRODUCTION TO CASE AREA (VIJAYAWADA)
India
•
•
•
•
Andhra Pradesh
Krishna District
3rd largest city of Andhra Pradesh.
Important commercial and transport center of state.
It has the biggest and busiest railway junction in
Southern India and one of the biggest bus terminal
of Country.
It is known for historic Kanak Durga Temple,
Prakasham Barriage and Railway Wagon Workshop.
CITY AT GLANCE:
Area
61.88 km2
Population
1048240 (CENSUS OF INDIA 2011)
Population Density
16940 ppkm2
Vijayawada City
Vijayawada
LOCATION: The city is situated at the foot of a low range hills on the northern bank of the river Krishna with its cardinal
points as 16° 31’ North latitude and 80° 37’ East longitude, around 70 km away from the coast.
LANDLAY AND TOPOGRAPHY: The land lay of Vijayawada is characterized by four canals, four hills and the holy river
Krishna.
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

4. LIMITATIONS OF STUDY:
• A master plan for Vijayawada was prepared in 1969, since then no master plan was made.
• Development in Vijayawada is guided by Zonal Development Plan(ZDP) – 2006.
• Currently VGTM-UDA is preparing revised master plan for Vijayawada with major contribution of SPA-V and other
agencies.
• Considering ZDP-2006 as the only available document, it has been reviewed with respect to the theme.
ISSUES WITHIN CASE AREA
ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES
DEGRADING
AIR QUALITY
DEGRADIN
G WATER
QUALITY
TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION
RELATED ISSUES
DESIGN
RELATED ISSUES
POOR TRAFFIC
MANAGEMENT
BUILTFORM
RELATED ISSUES
ENCHROACHMENT
ON HILLS
DEFORESTATION
INCREASING ROAD
ACCIDENTS
CONGESTION
LANDSLIDE
POLLUTION
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada
CRIME AND
SAFETY
ENCHROACHMENT
ON FLOOD BANKS

5.  PROVISIONS FOR ABOVE ISSUES IN ZDP
AIR POLLUTION
Solution: Solutions for moderating SPM and RSPM levels could be in the form of adopting cleaner technology options.
Table: Pollution Levels: Vijayawada, 2003
Units in ppm
Units in ppm
Table: Pollution Levels: Vijayawada, 2012
S.No.
Parameter
Existing
Standard
Exceedence Factor
S.No.
Parameter
Existing
Standard
Exceedence Factor
1
RSPM
100
80
1.26
1
RSPM
95.6
80
1.2
2
SPM
264
213
1.24
2
SPM
321
213
1.5
3
SO2
3
67
0.05
3
SO2
3.4
67
0.05
4
NOx
60
67
0.90
4
NOx
64
67
0.95
Source: CPCB, APPCB
Source: CPCB, APPCB
WATER POLLUTION
Table: Daily discharge in canals, 2012
Canal
Sewage
outfall
Daily
discharge
Bandar Canal
5
15
Ryves Canal
8
25
Eluru Canal
18
22
Issues:
• The DO level of the three canals is less than 6 ppm.
• Nearly 10% (50-75 tonnes) of the solid wastes generated in the city is
dumped on the canal banks.
Source: Pollution Prevention for
irrigation canals in VijayawadaWilbur Smith Associates.
Proposal:
• There are already proposals for 7 Sewage Treatment Plants along the
three canals of the city
• Better solid waste management techniques in terms of collection and
disposal
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

6.  TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION RELATED ISSUES
Design problems and weak traffic management leads to increase
in number of accidents, congestion and pollution.
Major accident prone
intersections and
Problematic
Intersections
BRTS Junction
PROPOSALS
SHORT TERM PROPOSALS
• Traffic management
measures(road marking, traffic
signs etc.)
• Traffic engineering measures
(design of intersections)
Ramavarappadu
Ring
MEDIUM TERM PROPOSALS
• Improvement of roads.
LONG TERM PROPOSALS
• Ring road proposals
• Flyover
• Bridges
• New roads for new areas
Benz Circle
intersection
Prakasham Barrage
Intersection (Temple Point)
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

7.  BUILT-FORM RELATED ISSUES
•
Encroachment on hills is inviting the problem of landslide, which can lead to heavy loss of life and
property.
•
Every year some of the areas (encroached on flood plains) get affected by heavy water flow in
river and canal which is ignored in ZDP.
•
The old city is highly dense commercial and residential colony, which in case of fire can lead to
loss of life and property.
 CRIME AND SAFETY RELATED ISSUES
•
In year 2011 Andhra Pradesh has reported 42.7% cases of sexual harassment against women
•
Out of which 18% of cases of eve-teasing is reported in Vijayawada only.
•
In year 2010, Vijayawada was considered as most unsafe city for women (according to NCRB’s
annual report 2010)
ZPD has failed to address these issues, which needed to be considered in revised master plan.
These issues are discussed in detail in further slides.
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

8. 
Case areas
Environmental related
Build form related
Case area 1: Encroachments on
Indrakiladri and Winchipet Hill
Case area 2 : Bundameru Flood bank
Crime related
Case area :3 Auto Nagar
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

9.  Case area 1: Encroachments on Indrakiladri and Winchipet Hill
•
•
Major commercial centre of the city
The hill is about 250m high and the encroachments is till 180m
• Encroachment on the hills
Encroached area profile
Encroachment
Population
2.87 sq.km
Total Household s
1646
Occupation
Formal and informal
activities at one town
Housing Typology
Indrakiladri Hill
2294 p/sq.km
Area
• Narrow streets
6584
Population Density
Landslide areas
Mix of kucha and
semi pucca
Winchipet Hill
• Improper electric lines
Indrakiladri Hill
One Town
Railway station
• Problems in parking
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada
Source: primary survey 2013

10.  Case area 2: Bundameru Flood plain
Area Profile
• Lack of sanitation facilities
• Sewerage discharge channels open into the river, leading to
polluting the river
1780
Population Density
2119 p/sq.km
Area
0.84 sq.km
Total Households
445
Occupation
• Encroachments along the river bank narrow down the natural
passage of the river
Population
Formal and informal
activities at Besent Rd
Housing Typology
Mix of kucha and semi
pucca houses
Settlements along Bundameru river
2009 flood affected area of Bundameru
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

11.  Case area 3: Auto Nagar
• Less lighting and absence of activities at night
• Dominance of land-use [industrial area-active during day but turns off by the evening]
•
Abutting land-uses alongside road. [vacant area, big walls, bushes and weeds for long
interval]
Reported crime in the area
• Deserted situation during nights
2011
2012
Harassment, eveteasing & attacks
35
55
Chain-snatching
9
16
Rape cases
Auto Nagar Industrial area
Crime against
women
1
0
Source: patamata police station
100 ft rd
Bandar rd
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada
• lack of street lights

12. School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada

13. SUGGESTIONS:
• Mixed land-uses has to be proposed on the peripheral areas.
• All streets in crime prone areas must provide proper lighting in night.
• Land-use along railway line has to be carefully addressed.
• Improving public transportation, especially in peripheral areas.
• Feminist angle of thinking has to be intrude at local level planning has to be the one of
the objectives to achieve the aim of safe city.
TO BE INCLUDED: Areas prone to crime, Crime against children and old age group
School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada