17. environmental and safety consideration and choice of materials

2. The aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences;
surroundings.
The air, water, minerals, organisms, and all other external factors
surrounding and affecting a given organism at any time.

3.  Construction practices that fail to control pollution can cause damage to
waterways and wetlands, kill fish, upset aquatic ecological systems and
wildlife communities, and result in contamination of land and groundwater.
 The risk to the environment is particularly high when work is done near
coastal areas, streams and creeks, or along a river valley.
 When construction occurs near built-up areas, poor practices may result in
air and noise pollution which may cause annoyance and affect the health of
neighbouring communities.
 Environmental risk should be managed and possibilities of environmental
disaster should be minimized
 Strict legal compliance and environmental risk management should be
practiced.

4.  Environmental affects of construction work should be identified.
 Environmental works and targets should be set.
 Preparing Construction Environmental Management Plan.
 New works should be provided with environmental studies and
tranning.

5.  Purpose and application
 Pre-construction planning and design
 Environmental management plan
 Land disturbance
 Noise and vibration
 Protecting infrastructure
 Strom water management
 De-water work sites
 Noise and vibration
 Air quality
 Storing fuels and material
 Keeping road clean

6. : freedom from harm or danger : the state of being safe
: the state of not being dangerous or harmful
: a place that is free from harm or danger : a safe place

7. Safety and health hazards present in the assigned and general work area
• Required personal protective equipment
• Method for reporting any unsafe conditions that the worker(s) may
encounter
• Emergency procedures including emergency telephone contact numbers,
emergency escape routes, and areas of refuge, nearest hospitals and
accurate directions and route maps to hospitals
• Electronic Device Policy, including cellular phones, texting, etc.
• When it is necessary to maintain public use of work areas involving
sidewalks, entrances to buildings, lobbies, corridors, aisles, stairways, rail
tracks, and vehicular roadways, the contractor shall protect the public with
substantial guardrails, barricades, temporary fences, overhead protection,
partitions, and shields

8. • The use of a crane to lift/lower and/or suspend work platforms and man
cages will be permitted only when other means of reaching the work
areas are not feasible.
• Power-up and power-down load line, power shall not be disengaged
while handling personnel.
• The load line attached to the work platform or man cage shall have a
minimum safety factor of eight (8), manufacturer’s specifications shall
be submitted, weight of loaded platform shall be submitted
• Automatic braking (dead-man control), load will stop when operator
releases controls.
• Anti-two block device shall be provided capable of preventing damage to
the hoist rope and/or other machine components.
• Boom angle indicator.
• Telescoping crane boom shall be marked to indicate, to the operator, its
extended length.

9. All job related accidents and incidents shall be reported and
investigated. All data relative to an accident or incident shall be complete
and timely, with verification of the facts, and recommendations for specific
action to control the cause of similar accidents or incidents. The prime
contractor shall be responsible for the reporting and investigation of all
accidents and incidents occurring incidental to work performed under the
contract.

10. • Fire
• Injury to employee.
• Injury to general public resulting from a possible slip, fall or vehicular
injury.
• Property damage, particular to utilities; i.e., water, gas, sewage,
electrical, telephone or pedestrian and vehicle routes.
• Public demonstrations.
• Bomb and threats.
• Emergency evacuation.
• Hazardous chemical releases.
• Other incidents at contractor’s job site.

11. Every building material comes with an environmental cost of some sort.
However, some principles can help guide your choice of sustainable
materials and construction systems. Careful analysis and selection of
materials and the way they are combined can yield significant
improvements in the comfort and cost effectiveness of your home, and
greatly reduce its life cycle environmental impact.
The first step in any strategy to use sustainable materials is to reduce the
demand for new materials. Rather than knocking down and rebuilding a
home, it’s worth trying where possible to renovate or at least reuse
materials from the
existing home.

12. Consider building smaller, well-designed houses and minimizing
wastage by using prefabricated or modular elements, for example, and by
avoiding unnecessary linings and finishes. During design and
construction,
incorporate approaches that will make it easier to adapt, reuse and
eventually dismantle the building. By choosing durable, low maintenance
materials, you can minimize the need for new materials and finishes over
the building’s lifetime.

13. The next step is to select materials with low environmental impact.
Put
simply, a ‘sustainable’ material is one that does not impact negatively on
non-renewable resources, the natural environment or human health. Most
products have a net-negative impact on the environment; however, it’s
important to minimize the negative impacts of any materials you choose.
When looking at the environmental impact of a material or product,
consider all stages of the life cycle — the upstream stage (materials
extraction and manufacture), the in-use or operational stage, and the
downstream stage (disposal or reuse).

14. The combinations of materials used to build the main elements of our
homes — roof, walls and floor — are referred to as construction systems.
They are many and varied, and each has advantages and disadvantages
depending on climate, distance from source of supply, budget, maintenance
requirements and desired style or appearance. Important factors that may
influence your choice of construction system include its durability, life
cycle environmental impact, life cycle cost effectiveness, role in improving
thermal performance, and reuse or recycling potential, as well as local
availability of materials and skills needed to construct the system.

15. • Green roofs and walls
• Straw bale
• Rammed earth
• Mud brick
• Precast concrete
• Autoclaved aerated concrete
• Insulating concrete forms
• Concrete slab floors
• Cladding
• Brickwork and block work
• Lightweight framing

17. STOCKPILES
MANAGEMENT
To manage soil stockpiles so that dust and sediment in run-off are
minimised.
Don’t go for too much stock.
Maintain dust & flood free environment.
Stabilise stocks if they are stored for longer.

18. WASTE
MINIMISATION
To minimise the waste load discharged to the environment.
Study it and minimize it.
Prioritise them and neutralize it.
Have some target and maintain it.

19. CONTAMINATED
MATERIAL AND
WASTESTo ensure that all contaminated material uncovered on a construction site
are excavated and disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner.
Excavate material in a manner which avoids off-site environmental
problems.
Seal contaminated material to ensure that there is no off-site effect now or
in the future.
Transport odorous wastes in covered vehicles
Dispose of contaminated material in a licensed landfill.