The document discusses environmental and ethical issues related to business. It defines various costs and benefits to private businesses, consumers, and society from business operations, including private costs and benefits, external costs and benefits, and social costs and benefits. It also addresses how businesses respond to environmental pressures through activities of pressure groups, consumer boycotts, and laws passed by governments to regulate businesses and impose financial penalties for pollution. Finally, it considers some ethical issues businesses may face around bribery, child labor, price fixing with competitors, and supplies that damage the environment.