perfect tenses

1. PRESENT PERFECT
SIMPLE

2. Form:
POSITIVE
I have (‘ve)
You have (‘ve)
He has (‘s)
She has (‘s) + past participle
It has (‘s)
We have (‘ve)
You have (‘ve)
They have (‘ve)
He has travelled a lot
or
He’s travelled a lot

3. QUESTION
Have I
Have you
Has he
Has she + past participle ?
Has it
Have we
Have you
Have they
Have you written these books ?

4. NEGATIVE
I have not (haven´t)
You have not (haven´t)
He has not (hasn´t)
She has not (hasn’t) + past participle
It has not (hasn´t)
We have not (haven´t)
You have not (haven´t)
They have not (haven´t)
They haven’t been to school

5. SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, I / you / we / they / have
he/ she / it has
No, I / you / we / they/ haven’t
he / she/ it hasn’t
Have you painted the room ? Has he brushed his teeth ?
Yes, we have No, he hasn’t

6. Use:
 We use the present perfect simple to talk about something
that happened in the past and has a connection with the present
He has had a problem with his leg
(It means that his leg is still broken)

7.  When we talk about actions or situations in the past without a
definite time
He has lost his key
 When we give information about a recent event
Spanish scientists have made important discoveries about cancer

8.  When we talk about things we have done until now
I have painted ten pictures so far
 When we talk about experiences we have had in life:
Have you been to China?
No, I haven’t but I’d love to

9.  With the following time expressions:
EVER (alguna vez), NEVER (nunca)
Have you ever flown in a hot air balloon?
I haver never seen a ghost
 JUST (acabar de)
He has just won a prize

10. ALREADY ( positive) (ya), YET ( question, negative) (aún, todavía)
I have already made the bed
The class hasn’t started yet
 FOR (durante), SINCE (desde)
He has done his homework for half an hour
They have worked here since February

11. PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

12. Form:
POSITIVE
I have (‘ve) been
You have (‘ve) been
He has (‘s) been
She has (‘s) been Verb+ -ing
It has (‘s) been
We have (‘ve) been
You have (‘ve) been
They have (‘ve) been
He has been running for a long time
or
He’s been running for a long time

13. QUESTION
Have I been
Have you been
Has he been
Has she been Verb+ -ing ?
Has it been
Have we been
Have you been
Have they been
Have they been playing ?

14. NEGATIVE
I have not (haven´t) been
You have not (haven´t) been
He has not (hasn´t) been
She has not (hasn’t) been
It has not (hasn´t) been Verb+ -ing
We have not (haven´t) been
You have not (haven´t) been
They have not (haven´t) been
She hasn’t been having a good time

15. SHORT ANSWERS
Yes, I / you / we / they / have
he/ she / it has
No, I / you / we / they/ haven’t
he / she/ it hasn’t
Have you been cooking? Has he been working?
Yes, we have No, he hasn’t

16. Use:
 We use the present perfect continuous to talk about actions
or situations that started in the past and are still in progress
He has been learning English for five years
(He is still learning English)
Past Now

17.  When we talk about actions or situations that have recently stopped
but they still have present results
You are wet . Yes, It has been raining a lot !
 When we talk about repeated actions
I have been sending him a lot of messages all day

18.  With “ How long ” questions
How long has she been listening to music?
 With the following time expressions:
-recently -lately -since -for -all day -all morning
He has been driving lately
I have been drawing since five o´clock
What have you been doing recently?

19. What is the difference
between The Present Perfect Continuous
…

20. and the Present Perfect Simple?
 They have been reading a book about witches
We are interested in the activity,
the action has not finished
 They have read a book about witches
We pay attention to the result
of the activity.
The action has finished

21. What is the difference
between the Present Perfect
…

22. and the Past Simple?
 He has travelled a lot in his current job
This is a past action that comes up
to the present.
It is not finished
 He travelled a lot in his previous job
This is an action about the
past.
It is finished

23.  She has been an invalid all her life
She is still alive
 She was an invalid all her life
She is dead

24. Present perfect Past simple
* We describe past events * We describe past events
that have a connection with that finished
the present time
* Time expressions that * Time expressions that
can be used: for, since, just, we use: for, in 2008,
yet, before, already, ever, last night, yesterday,
never, so far, over the last ago, in April, on Monday
few years… in April, at 5.30, when I was
a child…

25. PAST PERFECT
SIMPLE

26. FORM
POSITIVE
POSITIVE
I I had (‘d)
have (‘ve)
You have (‘ve)
You had (‘d)
He
He had (‘d)
has (‘s)
She has (‘s)
She had (‘d) + + past participle
past participle
It had (‘d)
It has (‘s)
We had (‘d)
We Youhavehad (‘d)
(‘ve)
You They have (‘ve)
had (‘d)
They have (‘ve)
• He had travelled a lot
• He’d travelled a lot

27. QUESTION
Had I
Had you
Had he
Had she + past participle ?
Had it
Had we
Had you
Had they
Had you written these books ?

28. NEGATIVE
I had not (hadn´t)
You had not (hadn´t)
He had not (hadn´t)
She had not (hadn’t) + past participle
It had not (hadn´t)
We had not (hadn´t)
You had not (hadn´t)
They had not (hadn´t)
They hadn’t been to school

29. USES
 A completed action before another activity in the past
When we arrived, the concert had already finished
It had got/gotten worse before it got better
.
By the time I watched my favorite program, I had drunk a cup of bee
By the time I got to the market, most of the stalls had already been closed

30. PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

31. USES
 We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and
continued up until another time in the past:
Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.
A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?
B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

32.  Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to
show cause and effect.
Examples:
Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.

33. FUTURE PERFECT
SIMPLE

34. FORM
POSITIVE
I will have
You will have
He will have.
She will have + past participle
It will have
We will have
You will have
They will have

35. NEGATIVE
I will not have
You will not have
He will not have
She will not have + past participle
It will not have
We will not have
You will not have
They will not have

36. QUESTIONS
Will I have
Will you have
Will he have
Will she have + past participle?
Will it have
Will we have
Will you have
Will they have

37. USES
 Actions that will be finished before some point in the future
They will have graduated from Cambridge by July 2009.
I will have retired by the end of the year.
I read 40 pages a day. If I keep up the pace, I will have read the book by
Tuesday.