1. Nolan Rinderknecht
Mrs. Linares
Spanish 3
1 st Period

2. Present
Stem Changers
Irregular “Yo”
Saber vs. Conocer
Reflexives
“Se” Impersonal
Dipthongs
Verbs like -uir/-guir
–ger/-gir, -cer/-cir
Imperfecto
Hace ____ + que + _____
Preterite-Regular Conjugation
Car, Gar, Zar
Spock
Cucaracha
Snake/Snakey
Comparatives
Superlatives
Future Tense

3. Subject Pronouns Regular Verbs (-er)
Nosotros,
Yo -o -emos
Nosotras
Tú Vosotros, Vosotras -es -éis
Ellos, Ellas,
Él, Ella, Usted -e -en
Ustedes
Regular Verbs (-ar) Regular Verbs (-ir)
-o -amos -o -imos
-as -áis -es -ís
-a -an -e -en

4.  Some stem changers include (e-ie) (o-ue) (e-i).
 The stem changes only happen in the boot forms: yo,
tú, él, and ellos.

5.  Some irregular “yo”s are: –go verbs, (g-j) (c-zc) (ver-
veo) (saber-sé).
 These transformations only happen in the yo form.

6.  Saber means to know a fact  Conocer means to know
or to know how to do someone or to be familiar
something. It is often with
followed by an infinitive or someone, something, or
a subordinate clause. somewhere. It can only be
followed by the a direct
object, never by an
infinitive or a subordinate
clause. Remember that if
the direct object is a
person, the preposition a
must be used.

7. Reflexive Verbs are verbs that require a reflexive pronoun
when used. They can be identified by the –se suffix
appended to the infinitive.
Reflexive Pronouns
Me Nos
Te Os
Se se

8.  Impersonal expressions are used when the subject of a
verb is unspecified (but is human). They are mostly
used to make general statements and to express rules.
 To form the impersonal se, verbs are always 3rd person
singular and are commonly followed by a direct object.

9. 1. For verbs that end in -cer and -cir, change the c to zc
for the yo form.
2. For verbs that end in -ger and -gir, change the g to j
for the yo form
3. For verbs that end in -guir, change the gu to g for the
yo form

10. Imperfect tense is used to express a past event that was ongoing for an
intermediate length of time.
-ar -er -ir
-aba -ábamos -ía -íamos -ía -íamos
-abas -ías -ías
-aba -aban -ía -ían -ía -ían
Ir Ser Ver
Iba Íbamos Era Éramos Veía Veíamos
Ibas Eras Veías
Iba Iban Era eran Veía Veían

11.  Hace + time + que + present tense form of the verb
 Ex: Hace diez que corro.

12. Preterit tense is used to express a totally completed past action, a past
determinate action, or an action that lased for a specific length of time.
-ar -er
-é -amos -í -imos
-aste -iste
-ó -aron -ió -ieron
-ir
-í -imos
-iste
-ió -ieron

13.  -car -> -qué
 -gar -> -gué
 -zar -> -cé

14.  Hacer: hice, hiciste, hizo, hicimos, hicieron
 Ir/ser: fui, fuiste, fue, fuemos, fueieron
 Dar: di, diste, dio, dimos, dieron
 Var: vi, viste, vio, vimos, vieron

15. él, ella, ellos, ellas,
Yo tú nosotros
usted ustedes
Andar anduve anduviste anduvo anduvimos anduvieron
Conducir conduje condujiste condujo condujimos condujeron
Decir dije dijiste dijo dijimos dijeron
Estar estuve estuviste estuvo estuvimos estuvieron
Hacer hice hiciste hizo hicimos hicieron
Poner puse pusiste puso pusimos pusieron
Poder pude pudiste pudo pudimos pudieron
Querer quise quisiste quiso quisimos quisieron
Saber supe supiste supo supimos supieron
Tener tuve tuviste tuvo tuvimos tuvieron
Traer traje trajiste trajo trajimos trajeron
Venir vine viniste vino vinimos vinieron

16.  Comparatives are the comparison of one person or
thing to another.
more... than or ____er
Superiority más... (que)
than
Inferiority menos... (que) less/fewer... than
Equality tan... como as... as
tanto... como as much/many as

17.  Superlatives indicate that one person/thing is the
most, best, least, or worst of all.
 Superlatives are formed with the definite article +
noun + más or menos + adjective.

18. Future tense is used to express an action that will take
place after the present moment.
-ar, -er, -ir
-é -emos
-ás
-á -án

19.  Preterite vs. Imperfect
 Future vs. Conditional
 Por
 Para
 Commands
 Present Perfects
 Double Object Pronouns
 Adverbs
 Subjunctive
 Se Impersonal
 Progressive w/ ir, andar, seguir

20.  The preterite is used for  The imperfect is used for
actions that can be actions that were
viewed as single repeated habitually, for
events, for actions that actions that "set the
were repeated a specific stage" for another action,
number of times, for and for telling time and
actions that were part of stating one's age.
a chain of events, and to
state the beginning or
the end of an action.

21. The future tense is used to tell The conditional is used to express
what "will" happen, or what "shall" probability, possibility, wonder or
happen. conjecture, and is usually
translated as would, could, must
have or probably.
Future Conditional
-é -emos -ía -íamos
-ás -án -ías -ían
-á -ía

22. Uses for Por
 Expressing movement along, through, around, by or
about
 Denoting a time or duration when something occurs
 Expressing the cause of an action
 Meaning per
 Meaning supporting or in favor of
 Introducing the agent of an action after a passive verb
 Indicating means of transportation

23. Uses for Para
 Meaning for the purpose of or in order to
 With a noun or pronoun as object, meaning for the
benefit of or directed to
 Meaning to or in the direction of when referring to a
specific place
 Meaning by or for when referring to a specific time

24. Affirmative Negative
Tú – Put it in “yo” form
Tú – Simply drop the
and change to
“s.” Los irregulares:
opposite vowel, add an
di, haz, ve, pon, sal, sé,
“s.” Los irregulares:
ten, ven.
TVDISHES.
Ud./Uds. – Put it in
Ud./Uds. – Same as
“yo” form and change
affirmative. Los
to opposite vowel. Los
irregulares:
irregulares:
TVDISHES.
TVDISHES.
TVDISHES: tener, venir, dar/decir, ir, ser, hacer/haber, estar, saber

25.  The present perfect  You then add the past
tense is first formed participle of the verb
by using the present you want to use by
tense of the auxiliary adding –ado or –ido to
verb "haber." the end.
Haber
He Hemos
Has Han
Ha

26.  When you have both a direct object pronoun and an
indirect object pronoun in the same sentence, the indirect
object pronoun comes first.
 Whenever both pronouns begin with the letter "l" change
the first pronoun to “se.”
 In sentences with two verbs, there are two options
regarding the placement of the pronouns. Place them
immediately before the conjugated verb or attach them
directly to the infinitive.
Direct Object Pronouns Indirect Object Pronouns
Me Nos Me Nos
Te Los, las Te Les
Lo, la Le

27.  Most Spanish adverbs are formed by adding -mente to
the feminine singular form of the adjective.
 Adding –mente is similar to –ly at the end of English
adverbs.

28.  The subjunctive mood is used to express things like
doubt, uncertainty, subjectivity, etc.
 You will usually see it in sentences that contain a main
clause which introduces a quality of uncertainty or
subjectivity.

29.  Impersonal expressions are used when the subject of a
verb is unspecified.
 To form the impersonal se, verbs are always 3rd person
singular and are commonly followed by a direct object.

30.  Seguir + progressive = to continue
 Andar + progressive = to walk
 Ir + progressive = to go