This document provides a summary of Spanish grammar topics including: imperfect verbs, preterite verbs, stem-changing verbs, modal verbs, adverbs, the progressive, the future, superlatives, formal commands, prepositions, demonstratives, irregular verbs, and more. Each topic is briefly explained over the course of one to three sentences.
4. Ir/er
Ar
ia iamos aba abamos
ias iais abas abais
ia ian aba aban
• Used when an event occurs in the
past or there is no beginning or end
5. Iba Ibamos
Ir Ibas Ibais
Iba Iban
Ser
Era Eramos
Eras Erais
Era Eran
Ver
Veia Veiamos
Veias Veiais
Veia Veian
6. Todos los dias- everyday
A menudo- often
A veces- sometimes
Siempre- always
Cada dia- everyday
Los lunes- Monday
Generalmente- generally
Mientras- as
De vez en cuando- occasionally
Muchas veces- very often
Frecuentemente- frecuently
7. e amos
Ar aste
o aron
Er/Ir
i imos
iste
io ieron
8. Irregular preterite that only changes in the first
person singular
Ends in either car, gar, or zar
Car- que
Gar- gue
Zar- ce
9. Hice
Hacer Hiciste
Hizo
Hicimos
Hicieron
Dar/Ver D-/V-
-I
-iste
-io
-imos
-ieron
13. Ir+a+ infinitive (going to do something)
Poder+a+infinitive (able to do something)
Querer+infinitive (want to do something)
Deber+infinitive (should do something)
Tener que+infinitive (to have to do something)
Soler+infinitive (to be accustomed to)
14. Change the ending to the opposite gender
Claro clara claramente (clearly)
If there are two adverbs that modify the same
verb, only the second one takes on the –mente,
but the first one still has a feminine ending
15. Is the –ing form of a verb
Used with estar + verb with an ending
Ar- ando
Er- endo
Ir- yendo
Past Progressive
Ar-ando
Er- iendo
Ir- yendo
17. Los Irregulares del Futuro
Decir dir-
Hacer har-
Poner pondr-
Salir saldr-
Tener tendr-
Valer vendr-
Poder podr-
Querer querr-
Saber sabr-
18. Conditional: I would like to…
Me gustaria…
19. Used when trying to say that something has
more or less of something
Mas + adjective + que (the most…)
Menos + adjective + que (the least)
20. Usted Affirmative
Put in the yo form and change to opposite
vowel
Ar- e
Er/Ir- a
• Usted Negative
• No + same as above
21. Izquierda Left
Derecha Right
Delante Before
Detras Behind
Cerca Close
Lejos Away
Abajo Below
Arriba Up
Enfrente Opposite
Encima Above
22. Aqui Alli Alla
SM Este Ese Aquel
SF Esta Esa Aquella
PM Estos Esos Aquellos
PF Estas Esas Aquellas
• Esto, eso, y aquello- neuter form. Subject is
unknown, could be masculine or feminine
23. Primero-first • Must agree in
Segundo-second quantity and
Tercero-third gender
Cuarto-fourth •Primero and
tercero drop the “o”
Quinto-fifth
when describing a
Sexto-sixth singular, masculine
Septimo-seventh object
Octavo-eighth
Novento-nineth
Decimo-tenth