The document describes the core elements of the MAX-NG network: 1) The core elements include a Session Border Controller (SBC), Class 5 soft switch (C5), Class 4 soft switch (C4), Signaling Gateway (SG), billing server (RATER), and Element Management System (EMS). 2) The SBC governs phone calls on the VOIP network and acts as a firewall. The C5 and C4 soft switches route calls within the network and to the PSTN. The SG translates between SS7 and IP signaling. The RATER determines billing rates. The EMS manages and monitors the network elements. 3) Together, these core elements allow subscribers to place calls

1. MAX-NG Overview - Core
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10-08-2022

2. Core Elements
 Elements installed at MAX-NG Core:-
SBC - (Session Border Controller)
C5 - (Class 5 Soft switch)
C4 - (Class 4 Soft switch)
SG - (Signaling Gateway)
RATER - (Billing server)
EMS - (Element Management System)
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3. Flowchart Explaining the role of each core element
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Subscriber Dials a
Number
Request reaches
SBC
Valid?
Request Forwarded
to C5
Yes
No
Called
Number
Valid?
No
Yes
Called
Number in
DB?
Request Forwarded
to the called party
SBC C5
Yes
No
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4. Copyright © 2016 C-DOT. All Rights Reserved
Request Forwarded to
C4
C4
CDPN
based route
available?
Request Forwarded to
respective SG/MG
Yes
No
SG/MG
Request Forwarded to
respective subscriber
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5. Session Border Control (SBC)
-Overview
 (SBC) is a dedicated device that governs the manner in which
phone calls are initiated on a VOIP Network.
 It allows only authorized sessions to pass through the connection
point .
 An SBC can also serve as a firewall for session traffic identifying
specific incoming threats to the communications environment.
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6. Session Border Control (SBC)
-Adding routes
 Routes have to be created in SBC:-
If nodes in external network are to be communicate with
elements in MAX-NG network.
 Routes can be added for following nodes (adjacencies):-
 To configure routes, routing tables have to be added:-
 RegisterTable (for REGISTER requests) & InviteTable (for INVITE requests)
 Tables (reg. rable & invite table) from where routing has to be started are invoked
as initial tables.
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Gateways Soft Switch
Line Media
Gateway
Public
VPN
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8. Copyright © 2016 C-DOT. All Rights Reserved
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9. Copyright © 2016 C-DOT. All Rights Reserved
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10. Copyright © 2016 C-DOT. All Rights Reserved
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11. Soft Switch (SS)
 A central device in a telecommunications network which connects
telephone calls from one phone line to another, entirely by means
of software running on a server. SIP protocol is used to establish
calls.
 Currently in MAX N/W switching is carried out by hardware, with
physical switchboards to route the calls.
 Soft switch
Class 5 SS – Call Agent, Caller Server.
Class 4 SS – Media Gateway Controller.
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12. C5 Soft switch – System Architecture
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Database
Server
IN
OUT
Media
Server
Feature
Server
Registrar Proxy
Billing
Server
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13. C5 Soft switch - Components
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NGCPE
(Next Generation
Call Processing
Engine)
Soft switch Entry
Point
Registers VoIP
Subscribers
Accounting of
Time
NGFS
(Next Generation
Feature server)
Subscriber
Features
Routing
“Application
server”
CDOT-GUI
Subscriber
Administration
(Create, Delete,
Modify)
NGMS
(Next Generation
Media Server)
Announcements
Media Related
Services
DB Server
Subscriber
Related Info
(e.g. Subscriber
Type, Status,
Services etc.)
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14. C4 Softswitch
 Class 4 soft switch is used to deliver calls of MAX-NG subscribers to
PLMN/PSTN network via Signaling and Media Gateway and vice-versa
 MGC perform call control and signaling routing for PSTN and Signaling
System 7 (SS7) voice traffic.
 MGC uses a Signaling Gateway (SG) to get SS7 signaling over IP
, and
provides ISUP to SIP and back translation.
 MGC controls Media Gateway (MG) using MEGACO/H.248 to translate the
voice/media call component from TDM to RTP and back.
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15. C4 Softswitch
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CLASS 5
SOFTSWITCH
CLASS 4
SOFTSWITCH
MEDIA
GATEWAY
SIGNALLING
GATEWAY
SIP
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16. SG(Signaling Gateway)
 A Signaling Gateway is a network component solely responsible for
translating signaling messages between one medium (usually IP)
and another (PSTN) .
 Signalling Gateway will at one end interface with a local exchange
and at the other end interface with the soft switch/MGC
 A Signaling Gateway creates a bridge between the SS7 network and
an IP network, under the control of the Media Gateway Controller.
 A Signaling Gateway causes a Soft switch to appear like an ordinary
SS7 point code (SS7 node) in an SS7 network.
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17. SG(Signaling Gateway)
 The Signaling Gateway shall provide stand alone Signal Transfer
Point (STP) equipment functionality .
 The Signalling Gateway supports two protocol stacks namely:-
SS7 stack
SIGTRAN stack
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18. SG(Signaling Gateway)
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SGP SERVER
IP
SCTP
M3UA
MTP1
MTP2
MTP3
ISUP
SIGTRAN SS7
CLASS 4
SOFTSWICH
TDM
EXCHANGE
IP E1
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19. MG(Media Gateway)
 The media gateway provides a means to transport voice, data, fax,
and video media between the IP packet network and the PSTN
network.
 It terminates channels from circuit-switched network as well as
streaming media from packet switched network.
 It supports PCM (G.711) on the PSTN side and RTP
, RTCP on the IP
side and allows translation between the two.
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20. MG(Media Gateway)
 Translation of media between TDM and IP network is done based
on the control signalling received from MGC.
 The MG is governed by the MGC, which informs the MG about:
To prepare to setup a call
To contact MG on the destination side,
To start sending the voice signal
To terminate a call.
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21. Rating Engine
 The Rating engine is a system used to determine the customer
chargeable units based on:
 Type of the day
 Time of day
 Call duration
 Process the CDRs received from C5 soft switch and send the billing
records to the billing server in the desired formats for billing
 Processed CDRs are pulled by BSNL CDR Data centers
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22. EMS (Element Management System)
 A GUI based solution for configuring and monitoring the different
systems installed as MAX-NG components.
 MAX-NG devices management through single window:-
Node Discovery
Chassis view
Region-wise map
Alarms
Configuration commands
Traffic Reports
User Administration
Centralized backup and restoration facility
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23. NGEMS – Graphical User interface
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24. IN-SSP(Intelligent Networks Service
Switching Point)
 It is a module that switches the calls during IN services.
 It queries the SCP(Service Control Point) whenever it receives a
trigger.
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25. LIS(Lawful Interception System)
 Monitoring the calls of a particular subscriber.
 The calls are diverted to another number as configured
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26. 10-08-2022
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