The document is an Earth Science chapter that introduces the four main branches of Earth Science - astronomy, meteorology, oceanography, and geology. It also discusses the interactions between Earth's spheres (lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere). The chapter then introduces the scientific method and its key steps - stating the problem, proposing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis through experimentation, making observations, stating a conclusion, and repeating the experiment. Additional vocabulary terms related to the scientific method are also defined.

1. Name:__________________________ Date:_______________
Earth Science Rabbi Goldberg
Chapter 1 Unit 1
I. There are _____ major areas in Earth Science.
a. __________ is the study of space.
b. ____________ is the study of the Earth’s atmosphere.
c. ______________ is the study of the Earth’s oceans.
d. The study of Earth’s surface, materials, and processes is
________.
II. Astronomy
a. In astronomy we will study such topics as the
_____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
III. Meteorology
a. Here we will take a look ________________________________
____________________________________________________
IV. Oceanography
a. We will explore our _____________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
V. Geology

2. a. _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
VI. Earth Systems
a. Although we study four branches of earth science, there are many
interactions between earth’s systems.
i. You are standing on the ______sphere.
ii. You are breathing in part of the ______sphere.
iii. If you went to the beach or canoed down the Deleware
where visiting the ______sphere.
iv. And you and all the other living things on earth make up the
_____sphere.
VII. Scientific Method
When solving problems scientifically we follow a series of steps to avoid
wasting time, effort, and resources. You arrive home late at night, walk up to
your house door, unlock the door, and reach in to the light switch just inside
the front door. The light does not come on! Now what?
As a normal human being, you will go through a mental and physical process
of hypothesis testing. The steps happen very rapidly in your mind and, prior to
this, you may not have had names for the various steps. Nevertheless, I hope
you will recognize what your brain is doing as you stand there in the
darkness. You are already a scientist, as you will see, you just didn't know it!
VIII. These steps include:
a. State the Problem
i. The problem - _________________________________
______________________________________________

3. b. Propose a Hypothesis
i. A hypothesis ___________________________________
_______________________________________________
.
c. Test the Hypothesis
i. The scientist must design ___________________________
ii. The experiment, called a controlled experiment, should
test only one concept.
iii. The factor to be tested is called ____________________.
iv. Control- ________________________________________
________________________________________________
d. Make Observations
i. From the experiment, the scientist makes observations that
are recorded in an organized manner.
ii. These observations include careful measurements, as well
as observations made with the senses and with instruments.
iii. From these observations, a conclusion about the problem is
reached.
e. State a Conclusion
i. ____________________________________ the
conclusion.
ii. To be valid or true, _________________________________
___________________________________
iii. These facts result from observation and experimentation.
f. Repeat the Experiment

4. i. The experiment is repeated many times to check the
conclusions.
ii. When, after repeated testing, many scientists reach the
same conclusion, the conclusion may be called a scientific
law.
Additional Chapter 1 Vocabulary
1. ________- the standard for comparison in an experiment
2. _______- all the variables we are not testing and trying to keep the same
3. ___________________- factor in an experiment that may change if the
independent variable changes
4. _____________________- factor that the experimenter changes
5. ______________- also known as SI units; uses a decimal base 10
system; such units as liters, meters, and grams.
6. ____________________- shorthand where a number is expressed as a
multiplier and a power of 10
7. _______- explanation that is consistent with repeated observations, can
be tested and make predictions, and is as simple as possible
8. _________- basic fact describing behavior of a natural phenomenon