![Clocks, Combs and OAWG Erich P. Ippen Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 [email_address] NEOSA September 15, 2011 MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ippennes-osa9-15-11-110916070210-phpapp02/85/Ippen-nes-osa-9-15-11-1-320.jpg)
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Ippen nes osa 9-15-11
- 1. Clocks, Combs and OAWG Erich P. Ippen Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 [email_address] NEOSA September 15, 2011 MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 2. Outline Femtosecond lasers – few cycle pulses Carrier envelope phase control Optical frequency combs Arbitrary optical waveforms Applications Clocks Precision sampling and timing MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 3. The 5-fs Ti:sapphire Laser Kerr lens modelocking (KLM) Double-chirped mirrors All-solid state, prismless cavity 5 fs = less than 2 cycles Octave-spanning spectrum MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 4. Under Each Pulse is a Short Waveform The electric field waveform slips under the envelope from pulse to pulse – if group delay and phase delay differ. Carrier-envelope phase slip 2n G L/c MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics BBO 570 nm filter PBS RF spectrum analyzer PMT Second harmonic generation
- 5. Control Over the Optical Phase Carrier-envelope phase stabilization An optical clockwork ! The optical frequency is an exact multiple of the pulse rep-rate. MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 6. A Clock an oscillator a clockwork Pendulum - Christiaan Huygens 1656 Chronometer - John Harrison (H4) 1761 (10 -6 ~ 1 sec/ 9 days ) Quartz - W. Marrison, Bell Labs, 1928 (10 -8 ~ 1 sec/3yrs ) Cesium atom - 1955 (10 -10 ~ 1sec/300yrs) Hg ion – 5x10 -18 ~ 10sec since big bang Atomic fountain - NIST-F1 (1.7x10 -15 ~ 1sec/20Myrs) and MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 7. Clockwork by Frequency Multiplication From the 9.192 GHz Cs frequency standard to the 456 THz (657nm) Ca transition 1999 10 -14 accuracy 10 lasers 8 phase-lock loops MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 8. The Clockwork in the Frequency Domain 1f-to-2f frequency locking Octave-spanning frequency comb This locks the rep rate to the optical frequency. Still need an optical reference. MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics laser modes exact multiples of f rep 2 nd harmonics
- 9. Locking to the 3.39 m HeNe Reference via DFG He-Ne/CH 4 Laser 3.39 m Transportable Stability ~ 10 -14 Difference frequency generation in PPLN DFG MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 12. Optical Arbitrary Waveform Generation (OAWG) Amplitudes and phases of all these frequencies are now determined. How about: MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 13. Completely Arbitrary Waveforms Fast modulator array Spectrum locked to “absolute” grid Arbitrary electrical field waveform ! Pulse-to-pulse AM & PM Arbitrary spectrum MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics f t
- 15. InP Encoder: 10channel 14.2 mm UC Davis S.J. Ben Yoo et al. Trial output waveforms 10.7 mm PM AM MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 16. Packaged InP OAWG (10 Ch AM+ 10 Ch PM) x 10 GHz InPhi & UC Davis MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 20. GHz Er:Fiber Laser Technology MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 25. 1 GHz Octave-Spanning 1µm-2µm Continuum 1012nm 7.09mW 2024nm 65.37mW 1 GHz Source 1 GHz Supercontinuum 1082nm 8.56mW 1590nm 47.02mW 1f-2f DFG MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 28. Precision Sampling for ADC G.C. Valley, Opt.Exp. 15, 1955 (2007) R. H. Walden IEEE J.Sel.Areas in Comm 17, 539 (1999) ADC limited by timing jitter in sampler The Walden Wall MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 30. Synchronization of a Large Scale X-Ray FEL Kim et al., MIT/DESY MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 31. Acknowledgments Andrew Benedick Hyunil Byun Jeff Chen David Chao Jonathan Morse Michelle Sander Jason Sickler Franz Kärtner Noah Chang Jung-Won Kim MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 33. Linearly Chirped Waveform – 100 Modes 100 x 10GHz (1ps pulses), Supergaussian amplitude apodized 27 quadratic phase Chirp over timeslot - 1THz/100ps Spectral domain Time domain – chirped pulse Phase vs. time Chirp Amplitude Initial vs. chirped pulse MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
- 34. Linearly Chirped Waveform 10-Modes Blue Curve – Target Intensity Black Curve -- Measured Intensity Blue dots – Target Phase Red Curve – Measured Phase Circles – Target Intensity Black Stems -- Measured Intensity Blue X – Target Phase Red Dots – Measured Phase Experiment MIT Optics and Quantum Electronics
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Cs clock is now the standard for the second (since 1968?). Optical clocks (Hg+ (Bergquist), Yb+, Sr+ ions) surpassed Cs in 2006 – but can still only be considered secondary standards. “ Time too good to be true.” Accuracies so good that altitude differences of a few feet due to gravitational effects can be observed.
- HeNe amplifier-laser offset from oscillator by 70MHz. Comparison then removes noise of 70MHz oscillator. Ti:saph jitter = 25fs 1kHz-10MHz. Allen variance: stability currently limited to about 10^ -12 due to problem with HeNe laser. The spectrum enhancing output coupler will enhance the DFG beat signal by ~4dB (currently 30dB). The new output coupler will also give the power increases necessary to allow f-2f self referencing (current 55dB).
- Sub-diffraction – synthetic aperture;1-mm 3-D resolution at 20km, 100um resolution at 1.5km Sensing – recognize multiple compounds at same time
- Kim – sub-10fs jitter (< 1MHz – 300m roundtrip limited) and drift (days)