2. Meaning
The phrase ‘national integration’ was used by
Pt. Nehru in 1961.
Literally, ‘integration’ means to make up a whole
out of different parts. It is synonymous with
‘wholeness’ or ‘completeness’.
The process of integration is the process of
bringing culturally and socially discrete groups
together into a single territorial unit and the
inculcation of a sense of loyalty, belongingness
and identity to that unit.
The word ‘integrity’ was added to preamble in
1976.
3. Why National Integration ?
Plural character of Indian Society – multireligious, multi-caste, multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic
and multi- cultural society.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
India’s Religious Spectrum : (2001 Census Report)
Hindus
827 Million
80.5 per cent
Muslims
138 Million
13.4 per cent
Sikhs
109 Million
1.9 per cent
Christians
024 Million
2.3 per cent
Buddhists
07.9 Million
0.8 per cent
Jains
04.2 Million
0.4 per cent
Others
06.6 Million
0.6 per cent
4.
In a multi-caste, there are thousands of
castes and sub-castes.
Ethnic identity is found in Manipur, Nagaland
and other regions.
India is a polyglot country with thousands of
languages and vernaculars.
There is a divide between Aryan culture and
Dravidian culture.
Promotion and protection of vital national
interests – Sovereignty, territorial integrity
and economic progress.
To build a new and United India – Integration
leads to the development of nationhood, a
feeling of patriotism & Indianness. Unity in
diversity can be realized.
5. In the following words, the Prime Minister Dr.
Manmohan Singh called for building a new
India (2006) :
An India that is united in thought not divided
by religion and language ;
An India that is united in our Indianness not
divided by caste and religions ;
An India that is united in seeking new
opportunities for growth not divided by
disparities ;
An India that is caring and inclusive.
6. Approaches to National Integration
1.
Constitutional Approaches – Single citizenship,
secularism, centralized federalism, fundamental
freedom to reside in any part of India, All-India
Services, Emergency Powers, Fundamental
Duties, and listening of 22 languages in the 8th
Schedule of the Constitution.
Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujrati,
Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Mathilli,
Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya,
Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil,
Telugu & Urdu.
7. 2.
Institutional Approach :
National Integration Council, Zonal
Councils,
National
Development
Council, Cabinet Committee on
National Security, National Security
Council, RAW, IB, Military Intelligence,
All India Educational and Technical
Institutions, etc.
8. Threats to National Integration
Insurgent Groups in the North East :
(a) Internal Threats :
Arunachal Pradesh :
United Liberation Volunteers of A.P.
United Liberation Movement of A.P.
Assam :
United Liberation Front of Assam
(ULFA)
Bodo Security Force
Nagaland :
National Socialist Council of
Nagaland (two groups)
Naga National Council (two groups)
9.
Manipur :
People’s Liberation Army
Revolutionary People’s Front
United National Liberation Front
Tripura :
All Tripura Tribal / Tiger Force
National Liberation Front of Tripura
Tripura Resurrection Army
Jammu & Kashmir :
JKLF
10. (b) Parochialism (narrow outlook)
(c ) Terrorism
(d) Economic Disparities :
Bodo agitation in Assam, Jharkhand
agitation, Gorkhaland agitation in West
Bengal, Vidharbha, Hyderabad
Karnataka, and Telangana issues, etc.
11. External Threat
Inter-services Intelligence of Pakistan is
a posing a serious threat to India’s
security and integrity. It has evolved a
Three-Pronged strategy to destabilize
India according to the report (2000) of
Union Home Ministry.
12. 1.
Encouraging different insurgent groups
in India and supplying them arms and
explosives. At least 10 to 12 Islamic
groups have been working in India at the
behest of the ISI. According to the US
report, the highly trained terrorists of
Jamait-i-Tulba with the active support of
several Islamic groups like SIMI, Islamic
Revolutionary Council, etc have been
indulging in sabotage and subversive
activities in India. (The Hindu, 1-3-1994)
13. 2.
3.
Pumping counterfeit notes through its
agents
to
destabilize
the
Indian
economy.
Indulging in massive drug trafficking
through the insurgent groups to destroy
the Indian Youth. (The Times of India,
13-1-2000)
14. Conclusion :
National Integration cannot be built by brick
and mortar, by chisel and hammer. It has to
grow silently in the minds and heads of men
(National Integration Council). People
should love and respect their country.
