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Beta gamma functions
1. Beta & Gamma functions
Nirav B. Vyas
Department of Mathematics
Atmiya Institute of Technology and Science
Yogidham, Kalavad road
Rajkot - 360005 . Gujarat
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
2. Introduction
The Gamma function and Beta functions belong to the
category of the special transcendental functions and are
deďŹned in terms of improper deďŹnite integrals.
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
3. Introduction
The Gamma function and Beta functions belong to the
category of the special transcendental functions and are
deďŹned in terms of improper deďŹnite integrals.
These functions are very useful in many areas like asymptotic
series, Riemann-zeta function, number theory, etc. and also
have many applications in engineering and physics.
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
4. Introduction
The Gamma function and Beta functions belong to the
category of the special transcendental functions and are
deďŹned in terms of improper deďŹnite integrals.
These functions are very useful in many areas like asymptotic
series, Riemann-zeta function, number theory, etc. and also
have many applications in engineering and physics.
The Gamma function was ďŹrst introduced by Swiss
mathematician Leonhard Euler(1707-1783).
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
5. Gamma function
DeďŹnition:
Let n be any positive number. Then the deďŹnite integral
â
eâx xnâ1 dx is called gamma function of n which is
0
denoted by În and it is deďŹned as
â
Î(n) = eâx xnâ1 dx, n > 0
0
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
6. Properties of Gamma function
(1) Î(n + 1) = nÎn
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
7. Properties of Gamma function
(1) Î(n + 1) = nÎn
(2) Î(n + 1) = n!, where n is a positive integer
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
8. Properties of Gamma function
(1) Î(n + 1) = nÎn
(2) Î(n + 1) = n!, where n is a positive integer
â
2
(3) Î(n) = 2 eâx x2nâ1 dx
0
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
9. Properties of Gamma function
(1) Î(n + 1) = nÎn
(2) Î(n + 1) = n!, where n is a positive integer
â
2
(3) Î(n) = 2 eâx x2nâ1 dx
0
â
În
(4) n = eâtx xnâ1 dx
t 0
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
10. Properties of Gamma function
(1) Î(n + 1) = nÎn
(2) Î(n + 1) = n!, where n is a positive integer
â
2
(3) Î(n) = 2 eâx x2nâ1 dx
0
â
În
(4) n = eâtx xnâ1 dx
t 0
1 â
(5) Î = Ď
2
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
11. Exercise
â
2 x2
(1) eâk dx
ââ
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
13. Exercise
â
2 x2
(1) eâk dx
ââ
â
3
(2) eâx dx
0
1 n
1
(3) xm log dx
0 x
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
14. Exercise
â
2 x2
(1) eâk dx
ââ
â
3
(2) eâx dx
0
1 n
1
(3) xm log dx
0 x
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
15. Beta Function
DeďŹnition:
The Beta function denoted by β(m, n) or B(m, n) is deďŹned as
1
B(m, n) = xmâ1 (1 â x)nâ1 dx, (m > 0, n > 0)
0
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
16. Properties of Beta Function
(1) B(m, n) = B(n, m)
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
17. Properties of Beta Function
(1) B(m, n) = B(n, m)
Ď
2
(2) B(m, n) = 2 sin2mâ1 θ cos2nâ1 θ dθ
0
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions
18. Properties of Beta Function
(1) B(m, n) = B(n, m)
Ď
2
(2) B(m, n) = 2 sin2mâ1 θ cos2nâ1 θ dθ
0
â
xmâ1
(3) B(m, n) = dx
0 (1 + x)m+n
N. B. Vyas Beta & Gamma functions