1. Active Learning Assignment
Topic: Air Pollution
Prepared By:
1)Akabari Nirali
2)Bhut Vidhi
3)Bhavsar Mausam
4)Kapadiya Tinkle

2. Air Pollution

3. Introduction
 Air constituents 80% of……….
 We breath about 22,000 times…….
 This suggets how that……
 Also the effects of…….
 We can not control the flow of………

4. What is Air Pollution?
 “Air Pollution is the presence in
ambient atmosphere of
substances, generally resulting
from the activity of man in
sufficient concentration, present
for a sufficient time and causes
the harmful effect on
humans, plants and animals.”

5. Sources of Air Pollution
Natural Sources
1.Pollen grains
2. Forest Fires
3. Salt spray from
oceans
4. Dust Storms
5. Marshy land
6. Spores
7.Photochemical
reactions
Man Made Sources
1.Industrial units
2.Thermal power
plants
3.Automobile exhaust
4.Fossil fuel burning
5.Agricultural activities
6.Nuclear explosion
7.Domestic burning of
woods

6. Primary Pollutants
The major primary pollutants include:
Particulate Matter (PM),
Sulfur dioxide,
Nitrogen oxides,
Volatile Organic Compounds
(VOCs),
Carbon monoxide, and
Lead.
Pollutants

9. Natural source Man Made Sources

10. Secondary Pollutants
 Atmospheric sulfuric acid is one example of a
secondary pollutant.
 Air pollution in urban and industrial areas is often
called smog.
 Photochemical smog, a noxious mixture of gases
and particles, is produced when strong sunlight
triggers photochemical reactions in the
atmosphere.
 The major component of photochemical smog is
ozone.
 Although considerable progress has been made in
controlling air pollution, the quality of the air we
breathe remains a serious public health problem.

11. Controlling Air Pollution through
Regulations
 Economic activity, population
growth, meteorological conditions, and
regulatory efforts to control emissions, all
influence the trends in air pollution.
 The Clean Air Act of 1970 mandated the setting
of standards for four of the primary pollutants—
particulates,
sulfur dioxide,
carbon monoxide, and
Nitrogen
as well as the secondary pollutant ozone.

12. Have Regulations Helped?
 In 1997, the emissions of the five major
primary pollutants in the United States
were about 31 percent lower than 1970.
 In 1990, Congress passed the Clean Air
Act Amendments, which further tightened
controls on air quality.
 Regulations and standards regarding the
provisions of the Clean Air Act
Amendments of 1990 are periodically
established and revised.

14. Air is Expensive than
Blood.
Air is what we Breathe every
Second even during sleep.
 Air is sucked into lungs every few seconds
and the alveolar system of the lungs helps
the oxygenation of blood in every drop.
 Heart pumps Blood and Blood carries
O2(by Hemoglobin) to every part/cell of the
body to sustain Life inside.

15. Air Pollution-2 side effects of
Coins1.Pollution & 2. Deforestation
1.Pollution: Pollution is the main cause for
Global Warming.
2. Deforestation : Forest/Vegetation on the
side have the capacity to take the carbon
oxides and purify the air around by
releasing oxygen, thus nullifying pollution
to some extent.
But the present day scenario ,pollution is
increasing every second, and same time
on the other site deforestation is
happening aat rapid speed and is
supporting the acceleration of Air

16.  „More O2‟ into the body is called „More
Life.‟
 Similarly „Better O2‟ into the body is called
„Better Life.‟
 „Polluted O2‟ into the body is called
„Polluted Life.‟

17. Effects of Air Pollution on
Human Health:
 Eye irritation can be caused by many air
pollutants such as
NOX, O3, PAN, smog, Particulates, etc.
 Nose and throat irritation can be caused
by SO2, NOX, pesticides, etc.
 Hydrogen fluoride can causes fluorosis
and mottling of teeth.

18.  Irritation of the respiratory tract can be
caused by SOX, NO2, O3, CO, etc.
 Dust Particles can causes dust specific
respiratory diseases such as silicosis
and asbestosis.
 Heavy metals like lead can causes
poisoning. Its high concentration can
causes damage liver and kidney.

19. Property/Material:
 Pollutants like SO2, O3, H2S and aerosols
damage protective coating and paints of
the surface.
 Damage of textile dyes and textile fibers
is caused by SOX, NOX, and O3.
 Soiling increases cost of cleaning shirts
and others
wears, windows, curtains, building
surfaces.

20. Climate:
Melting of ice, glaciers.
Affect agricultural output because of
change in pattern in rain fall.
Aesthetic Beauty:
Industries, automobiles
Sewage and garbage heaps emit foul
odours causing further loss of aesthetic
beauty.

21. Composition of Air
 Atmosphere is the mixture of various
gases and water vapour and
subatomic particles that entirely
covers the earth extending outward
several thousand kilometers. The
major gases in a pollution free dry air
are
Nitrogen(78%), Oxygen(21%), Argon(
0.9-1.0%) and carbon dioxide.
 The minor gases include
Neon, Helium, Methane, Hydrogen, C
arbon Monoxide Ozone etc.

22. Constituent Concentration
Nitrogen 0.7808
Oxygen 0.2095
Argon 0.0093
Carbon dioxide 355 ppm
Neon 18 ppm
Helium 5.2 ppm
Methane 1.8 ppm

23. Sr.
No.
Research
Topic
Author Methods&
Materials
Findings
1. Participatory Air
Pollution
Monitoring
using Smart
phone.
David
Hasenfratz
Olga Saukh
Silvan
Sturzenegger
Lothar Thiele
Gas Mobile
Prototype
System
Low cost of and
off the shelf
Hard ware to
monitor the
ozone
concentration
It is feasible to
use Gas Mobile
in participatory
sensing
application to
increase public
awareness and
to create
spatially fine-
grained air
pollution maps
2. Measuring the
Health Benefits
from Reducing
Air Pollution
Naveen
Adhikari
He was
collected over
four seasons
from 120
households(641
individuals) and
3 different
locations.
Estimate of
Health Benefit
from a
reduction in air
pollution from
current level to
national
ambient air
quality standard
level in

24. Sr.
No.
Research
Topic
Author Methods&
Materials
Findings
3. development
and
contemporary
methodological
challenges
Cizao Ren
Shilu Tong
Case-crossover
and panel
studies have
shown that
there are
constituents
short terms
effects of air
pollution on
health
outcomes.
To provide an
overview of recent
research
development and
contemporary
methodological
challenges and to
identify future
research directions
for air pollution
epidemiological
studies
4. Housing, home
heating and air
quality; a public
health
perspective
The Public
health
perspective
Canterbury
District Health
Board April
2013
The information
about housing
and air quality
is presented in
the contex of
what is
currently know
post of
earthquakes.

25. References
 B.R.Shah, Snehal
Popli, “Environmental
Studies”, Mahajan Publishing
House, 6th Edition,2013.