Quality seed is the basic input for vegetable production

1. Ningappa kirasur
2014-12-129
Dept. of Olericulture
COH, Vellanikkara

2. Cabbage
 Is a biennial crop for seed production
 Requires chilling temperature of 4-8 °C for 40-60
days to initiate flowering
 Highly cross pollinated crop .because protogyny
 Isolation distance 1600m for foundation and 1000m
for certified seeds
 Had a strongest self incompatibility

3. Contd….
 The plants remain vegetative at a temperature range
of 14-23°C
 Cabbage produce seeds in temperate areas only, but
not in the central plains
 Growing of cabbage during summer result in
excessive stem elongation due to high temperature
 High atmospheric humidity and heavy rainfall during
seed ripening, causes heavy loss of crop

4. Pest incidence
Cabbage butterfly: Pieris brassicae
Aphids : Brevicoryne brassicae
Management :
Spraying of 0.1% pyrethrins
Spraying of 0.2% malathion at
10-15 days intervals

5. Diseases
Sclerotinia rot: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.
Is most serious in the seed crop in the hills
Alternaria spot: Alternaria sp.
Management :
 Foliar spray of 0.2% Dithane M-45
at an intervals of 10-15 days
 At pre-bolting to seed maturity stage

6. Methods of seed production
1. Seed - seed method (Certified seed production)
2. Head - seed method (Breeder seed production)

7. Seed to seed method
 The crop is allowed to over-winter
 Produces seed in their original position
 Where planted in the seedling stage
 The crop is rouged out. based on leaf colour , head shape
Advantages:
 More seed yield but less quality
 Reduce cost of seed production

8. Head - seed method
 Matured plants after head formation are uprooted,
based on foliage and head characters
 The outer whorls of leaves are removed and,
 Immediately planted in well prepared main field
Advantages:
 Low seed yield but
 Higher quality seeds

9. Stump method
Advantages:
 It gave extra income to farmers
 Crop matures 10-12 days earlier than head intact
method
 Seed yield slightly higher
Dis-advantages:
 Flowering shoots are decumbent
 Requires heavy staking

10. Stump with central core intact method
Advantages:
 Shoot is not decumbent
 Heavy staking not required
 Seed yield is slightly higher
Dis-advantages:
 Chopped heads cannot
be marketed

11. Head intact method
Advantages:
 Chopping of head on all sides not required
 Save time and labour cost
 Heavy staking is not required
Dis-advantages:
 Lower seed yield as compared to
other methods

12. Carrot
 Is a biennial crop for seed production
 It requires chilling temperature of 4.8 -10°C for 40-
60 days to initiate flowering
 Very high inbreeding depression on selfing
 Highly cross pollinated crop, because protandrous
nature of flower

13. Contd…
 Pollen viable for 3-4 days before stigma receptivity
 Isolation distance 1000m
 Male sterility is also noticed in carrot
 Seeds produced only in hilly areas of HP, J&K
 High labor cost for emasculation and pollination
 Incidence of pest and diseases

14. Seed - seed method
 The annual carrot crop is sown during Sept - Oct in the
plains
 Temperate carrot sown during Aug. - Sept. in the hills
 The crop is allowed to grow and produce seeds in
their original position
 Vigorous roguing should be practiced

15. Root - seed method
 When the roots are fully matured the crop is harvested
 True to type roots are selected for next planting
 To cut 1/4th of root and 1/3rd of top
 To obtain higher yield and quality seeds
 Harvested roots are carefully rogued out for colour and
over sized roots were discarded

16. Contd…
 Selected roots are replanted with a spacing of 60cm ×
30cm in well prepared field
 Fertilizer should be applied 50kg nitrogen and potash
 Irrigation is given immediately after planting
 Subsequent roguing for off-types and other weeds
 At full bloom stage

17. Contd…
 Early and late bolters are to be removed
Advantages:
 Low seed yield but
 high quality seeds

18. Radish
 Is a biennial crop for seed production
 It requires chilling temperature of 4-8 °C for 40-60
days to initiate flowering
 It is highly cross pollinated crop, because
protogynous nature of flower
 Stigma receptive 2-3 days before anthesis

19. Contd…
Isolation distance 1000m
 Temperature above 32°C results in dry stigma
 Pollens might fails to germinate

20. Seed - seed method
 Crop is sown during October in the plains
 And in the hills during mid Sept. – Oct.
 The crop is allowed to grow and
produce seeds in their original position
 Vigorous roguing should be practiced

21. Root - seed method
 When the roots are fully matured the crop is harvested
 True to type roots are selected for replanting
 To cut 1/4th of root and 1/3rd of top
 To obtain higher yield and quality seeds
 Harvested roots are carefully rogued out
 Based on colour and over sized roots are discarded

22. Contd…
 The selected roots are replanted at a spacing of 60cm
x 30cm for Asiatic varieties
 Fertilizer were applied with N 80 kg/ha and K 15kg/ha
 Irrigate the field immediately after planting of carrot

23. Potato
 Is a biennial crop for seed production
 Do not flower under short day condition
 Flowers were comparatively less at low temperature
 Self incompatibility is also noticed in potato
 Requires extra light of 4 hours during winter for flower
production in the plains

24. Contd…
 Male sterility with few viable pollens for pollination
 High labour requirement for emasculation and pollination
 Less number of seeds per fruit
 Is a self pollinated crop, but Some degree of cross
pollination due to protruded stigma
 Higher aphid infestation on seed crop

25. Pollination in potato
Emasculation and pollination in potato

26. True Potato Seed (TPS)
True potato seed: means matured ovule developed in
potato as a result of sexual reproduction
Advantages:
 Requires 100-150g seeds/ha
 Traditional method with 2.5-3t/ha of seed tuber
 Low cost of planting material
 Easy transportation and no need of cold storage of seeds

27. Contd…
 Reduce the spread of diseases from one place to other
places
 Uniform germination of seeds
 Uniformity in the maturation of crop
 Seed tuber of 2.5-3 t/ha is used for human consumption
 High yield than crop grown from seed tuber

28. Onion
 Is a biennial crop for seed production
 Highly cross pollinated crop, due to protandry
 Do not produce flowers under short day conditions
 Isolation distance 1000m for foundation seed
 And for certified seeds 400m
 Roguing is done based on foliage colour, size of bulb and
colour of bulb

29. Seed - seed method
 The first season bulb crop is left over winter in the field
 To produce seed in the following season
 The seed should not be used again for seed production.
Wide variation in bulb size
 Roguing can not be practice in this method

30. Advantages
 Higher seed yield
 Production of seed
 Less cost of seed production due to,
 Eliminating of expenses for bulb harvesting and storage

31. Bulb - seed method
 Rabi season harvested bulbs were selected and stored till
Oct. – Nov.
 Storage temp. ranged from 4.5-14 °C for 4-6 months
 Bulb selected for replanting should be free from diseases
 Double and long thick neck bulbs are discarded
 Select true to type bulbs for planting

32. Contd…
 Select medium size bulb of 4-5 cm diameter with 40g
weight
 The 1/3rd portion of bulb is cut for easy and quick
sprouting
 Bulb should be disc like stem and root intact
 Roguing is done based on foliage, bulb shape and neck
characters