Language Research Method

CHARACTERISTICS & STEPS OF NINE BASIC RESEARCH METHODS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Steps of Historical Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

2. Descriptive Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Steps of Descriptive Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. Developmental Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Steps of Developmental Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

4. Case and Field Study Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Steps of Case and Field Study Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

5. Correlational Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Steps of Correlational Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

6. CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH ,[object Object],[object Object]

Steps of Causal-Comparative Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

7. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Steps of True Experimental Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Steps of True Experimental Research (continued) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

8. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

9. ACTION RESEARCH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Steps of Action Research ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

BASIC STEPS IN THE PLANNING AND CONDUCT OF RESEARCH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

THREE CATEGORIES OF VARIABLES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

INTERNAL VALIDITY ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. Contemporary history ,[object Object]

2. Maturation processes ,[object Object]

3. Pretesting Procedures ,[object Object]

4. Measuring instruments ,[object Object]

5. Statistical regression ,[object Object],[object Object]

6. Differential selection of subjects ,[object Object]

7. Differential experimental mortality ,[object Object]

8. Interaction of selection and maturation, selection and history, etc ,[object Object]

EXTERNAL VALIDITY ,[object Object],[object Object]

Threats to representativeness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. Interaction effects of selection biases and X ,[object Object]

2. Reactive or interaction effect of pretesting ,[object Object]

3. Reactive effects of experimental procedures. ,[object Object]

4. Multiple-treatment interference ,[object Object]

SOME COMMON SOURCES OF ERROR ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. THE HALO EFFECT ,[object Object]

2. Rating Errors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. THE HAWTHORNE EFFECT ,[object Object]

4. THE EXPERIMENTER BIAS EFFECT OR “SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY” IN RESEARCH ,[object Object]

5. THE “JOHN HENRY” EFFECT ,[object Object]

6. THE PLACEBO EFFECT ,[object Object]

7. THE POST HOC ERROR ,[object Object]

8. ERROR OF MISPLACED PRECISION ,[object Object]

9. BEWARE OF “TYPICAL” CASE STUDIES ,[object Object]

10. THE LAW OF THE INSTRUMENT ,[object Object]

KARAKTERISTIK PENELITIAN KUALITATIF ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Perbedaan Penelitian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD Linguistic CORPUS (body of data) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Eight Factors Correlated with Speech Diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

TECHNIQUES FOR COLLECTING DATA / CORPUS

Language Research Method

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Language Research Method