Introduction, transmission, diagnosis, causes and clinical features

1. {
AIDS
Prepared By : Ahmadullah Sial Niazi and
Sadullah Nihal Niazi
GHALIB UNIVERSTIY
KABUL
AFGHANISTAN

2.  Introduction
 Epidemiology
 Etiology
 Structure of HIV
 Life Cycle of HIV
 Clinical Features
Contents :

3.  AIDS : Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
 HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus
 Retroviral disease caused by HIV
 Depletion of CD4+ T lymphocyte
 Opportunistic infection and neoplasms
Introduction :

4. African green monkey (SIV) , Sootey mangabey (HIV-2) , Chimpanzee (HIV-1)

5.  Sexual Transmission
- Homosexual
- Heterosexual
 Parenteral Transmission
- Intravenous drug abusers
- Hemophiliacs
- Blood transfusion
Epidemiology

6.  Mother-to-Infant Transmission
- During Pregnancy
- During Delivery
- Breast Feeding

8. HIV can’t be transmitted through:
1- Air
2-personal contact
3-insect bites
4-saliva
5-tears

9.  AIDS is caused by HIV belonging to Lentivirus
family.
 HIV-1
 HIV-2
Etiology :

10. Structure of HIV virus

11. Life cycle of HIV

13.  Virus-induced self destruction
 Targeting by the body own immune system
cells
How are CD4 T-cells depleted?

14. Acute Phase
- 50-70% affected people
- 3-6 weeks
- Sore throat, Myalgia, skin rash,
Fever ,Aseptic meningitis
Clinical Features :

15. Chronic Phase
- may last for several years
- patient often asymptomatic or often
(Lymphadenopathy , (candida) , herpes zoster)
Clinical Features :

16. Crisis Phase
- breakdown of host defenses , Viremia and
clinical diseases
- Fever (30 + days), fatigue, weight loss and
diarrhea
- CD4 cells less than 500 cells /𝑚𝑚3
Clinical Features :

17.  Antiretroviral Therapy
 Acupuncture
Treatment :

18.  AIDS caused by HIV which kills CD4 T-cells.
 Transmission (sexual , blood , mother to infant)
 HIV penetrate in CD4 T-cells and replicates
 CD4 cells killed directly or killed by body
immune sys
 Three stages of AIDS : 1-Acute 2-Chronic 3-
Crisis
Summary :

19. THANKS!!!