The document summarizes key sections of the Philippine Constitution relating to individual rights and protections under the law. It outlines protections against self-incrimination, detention for political beliefs, involuntary servitude, excessive punishment of prisoners, imprisonment for debt, double jeopardy, and ex post facto laws. It also defines the principle of double jeopardy as prohibiting retrial on same or similar charges following a valid acquittal or conviction.
2. Section 17 No person shall be compelled to be a witness against himself.
3. Section 18 No person shall be detained solely by reason of his political beliefs and aspirations. No involuntary servitude in any from shall exist except as punishment for a crime whereof the party shall be duly convicted.
4. Section 19 Any death penalty already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion perpetua. The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any prisoner or detainee or the use of substandard or inadequate penal facilities under subhuman conditions shall be dealt with by law.
5. Section 20 No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
6. Section 21 No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance, conviction or acquittal under either shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.
7. Section 22 No ex post facto law or bill of attainder shall be enacted.
8. Double Jeopardy is a procedural defense that forbids a defendant from being tried again on the same, or similar charges following a legitimate acquittal or conviction. At common law a defendant may enter a peremptory plea of autrefois acquit or autrefois convict (autrefois means "previously" in French), meaning the defendant has been acquitted or convicted of the same offense.
