1. Smart
City
Blocks
Par
Adel
El
Gammal
modéré
par
Michel
Huart
Avec
le
sou>en
de
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

2. Smart
City
Block
An
U.L.B.
Research
Sponsored
by
ELECTRABEL
F.
Klopfert
A.
El
Gammal

3. A
new
Context
for
us
Global
Energy
Demand
WEO
2012
A
sunny
morning
in
Beijing
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
Oil
Prices
Somewhere
in
ArcPc

4. CiPes
….
Ci#es
are
the
number
1
contributor
to
global
GHG
emissions
Since
2010,
more
than
50%
of
the
world
popula#on
lives
in
ci#es
And
much
more
to
come
soon
…
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

5. If
we
would
see
CO2
…
One
ton
of
carbon
dioxide
gas
fills
a
sphere
over
10
meters
in
diameter
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

6. New
York
aZer
1hour
www.carbonvisuals.com
1
hour
emissions
=
6.204
tons
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

7. New
York
aZer
1
year
75%
of
CO2
is
emiEed
by
buildings
www.carbonvisuals.com
1
year
emissions
=
54.349.650
tons
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

8. Brussels,
not
any
be_er
…
Primary
Energy
Consump#on
in
Brussels
Region
(TWh)
1%
5%
Ter>ary
33%
Residen>al
41%
Residen>al
Ter>ary
Transport
Source:
IBGE
2009
Ci#es
emissions:
➨
Building
performance
à
150
kWh/m2.Y
à
15
kWh/m2.Y
➨
Building
materials
à
50
%
CO2
embedded
in
grey
energy
(50
Y;
50kWh/m2.Y)
➨
Behavioral
prac#ces
à
the
way
people
approach
consump#on
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

9. WaiPng
for
technology
to
solve
it?
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

10. Regulatory
Context
• Post-­‐Kyoto
• Conference
Of
the
ParPes
(COP)
• MulP
/
Bilateral
negoPaPons
So
what!
• RES
20/20/20
DirecPve
➔ 20%
Energy
Efficiency
➔ 20%
Renewable
Energy
➔ 20
%
CO2
reduc>on
• EPBD
(Buildings)
➔ NZEB
2020
• BATEX
(incitaPve)
• Passive
standard
2015
(regulatory)
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

11. Technology
will
not
solve
it
all
20
%
Energy
Efficiency
20%
Renewables
20
%
CO2
New
behavioral
and
lifestyle
approaches
of
Urban
Living
www.carbonvisuals.com
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

12. Where
are
the
Haussmann’s
of
the
21st
century
?
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

13. Challenges
to
“Urban
Planning”
?
PoliPco-­‐economic
• Planning
cycle
(20
-­‐50
)
years
vs
poli>cal
mandates
• Planning
cycle
(20
-­‐50
)
years
vs
financial
payback
• Ins>tu>onal
ruptures
?
Socio-­‐demographic
•
•
•
•
Demographic
evolu>on
Socio-­‐cultural
evolu>on
Lifestyle
&
technology
Employment,
mobility,
…
?
Cross-­‐sectorial
complexity
•
•
•
•
?
Energy,
environment,
waste,
water
Mobility
Construc>on
…..
Cross-­‐funcPonal
complexity
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
•
•
•
•
Social
Economical
Industrial
….
?

14. How
can
we
plan
?
Some
brilliant
works
exist
Jeremy
Ri_in’s
Third
Industrial
Revolu>on
…
But
can
human
behavior
be
planned
?
Can
such
approach
address
the
“evolu#onary”
nature
of
urban
living
?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
Individualism
vs
increased
need
for
social
links
Mobility
vs
car
Security
vs
isola>on
Evolving
work
paaerns
Lifestyle
trends
Migratory
flows
….

15. Addressing
the
challenge
A
holis#c
and
mul#-­‐disciplinary
approach
to
sustainability
is
only
able
to
tackle
the
complexity
of
the
challenge
ENVI
ECON
SOCIAL
Energy
Public/
Shared
Space
Diversity
Flexibility
Time
Social
partners
hips
Water
Waste
Environ;
Materials
Mobility
Life
quality
Brussels
Region
has
adopted
an
exemplary
evolu#onary
approach
to
highly
par#cipa#ve
development
of
eco-­‐districts
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

16. The
Smart
City
Block
Project
The
SCB
project
is
a
highly
original
research
project
focusing
on
an
in
depth
socio-­‐
technical
analysis
of
Brussels
inhabitants
with
the
objec#ve
to
iden#fy
incen#ves
and
obstacles
to
root
behavioral
changes
within
local
urban
communi#es
for
reducing
environmental
footprint
while
improving
life
quality
➔ A
mul>disciplinary
research
project
developed
by
U.L.B.
and
sponsored
by
Electrabel
➔ A
Socio-­‐Technical
and
Socio-­‐Economical
approach
to
the
development
of
new
urban
solu>ons
and
behaviors
improving
quality
of
life
➔ An
analysis
at
the”
city
block
level”
as
the
most
suited
city
unit
for
developing
shared
community
experiences
Place
Flagey,
Brussels
A
view
showing
the
diversity
of
city
blocks
in
Brussels
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

17. SegmentaPon
Criteria
1
Analysis
ExisPng
Projects
2
Segmenta>on
by
bloc
types
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
3
Choice
of
test
city
blocks
4
SCB
offering
5
Evalua>on

18. 14
projects
across
EU
and
BE
Focus
Project
BedZED
Bo01
EVA-­‐Lanxmeer
Hammarby
Sjötad
Park
20|20
Vauban
Vesterbro
Biplan
•
•
•
•
New
or
Renova>on
0,1
to
200
Ha
surface
25
to
26.000
people
Residen>al,
ter>ary
or
mix
Dampoort
Globe
L’Espoir
Mundo-­‐B
Pic
Au
Vent
Social
EnvI
Energy
Economic
UK,
Beddington
SE,
Malmö
NL,
Culemborg
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
SE,
Stockholm
P
P
NL,
Hoofdorp
DE,
Freiburg
DK,
Copenhagen
BE,
Brussels
BE,
Gent
BE,
Brussels
BE,
Brussels
BE,
Brussels
BE,
Tournai
P
P
P
P
P
P
Savonnerie
Heymans
BE,
Brussels
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
Highly
diverse,
and
mostly
recent
experiences
show
the
mul>plicity
of
approaches
and
the
complexity
of
analyzing
exis>ng
eco-­‐district
experiences
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

19. Focus
on
different
renovaPon
approaches
NEW
DISTRICT
BedZED,
UK
➔ Private
Ini>a>ve
➔ Old
Coalmine
site
➔ 82
houses
and
community
services
➔ Full
district
reconstruc>on
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
DISTRICT
RENOVATION
L’ESPOIR,
Brussels
➔ Public
/
Private
Ini>a>ve
➔ Center
of
city
(Molenbeek)
➔ 14
houses
with
garden
➔ House
reconstruc>on

20. SegmentaPon
Criteria
1
Analysis
Exis>ng
Projects
2
SegmentaPon
by
bloc
types
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
3
Choice
of
test
city
blocks
4
SCB
offering
5
Evalua>on

21. Harnessing
data
Abundant
informaPon
exists
from
various
sources
and
with
various
levels
of
accuracy.
City
Municipality
District
Sta>s>cal
Sector
City
block
≈
700
≈
3.500
The
city
block
has
been
chosen
as
the
most
suited
porPon
of
a
city
to
develop
and
implement
community
service-­‐
oriented
soluPons
Street
Street
sec>on
Adddress
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
InformaPon
must
be
structured
and
concatenated
into
meaningful
analysis
criteria

22. PopulaPon

23. PopulaPon

24. PopulaPon

25. PopulaPon

26. PopulaPon

27. Mobility

28. Mobility

29. Mobility

30. Buildings

31. Buildings
Buildings

32. Economic

33. SegmentaPon
principle
3.500
blocks
PCA
3.500
blocks
WC
14
homogeneous
types
of
City
Blocks
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
59
criteria
6
criteria

34. Nostalgic
engineer
?
5
city
blocks
59
criteria
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

35. Final
SCB
SegmentaPon
Central
older
districts
with
low
socio-­‐economic
index,
town
houses
dominance
with
shops
and
industrial
remainders

36. Final
SCB
SegmentaPon
High
Net
Worth
popula>on;
dominance
peripheral
villas
and
(semi-­‐)detached
houses
with
gardens

37. Final
SCB
SegmentaPon
Higher
Medium
socio-­‐economic
index
popula>on,
dominance
of
mid
20
century
apartments

38. SegmentaPon
Criteria
1
Analysis
Exis>ng
Projects
2
Segmenta>on
by
bloc
types
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
3
Choice
of
test
city
blocks
4
SCB
offering
5
Evalua>on

39. SelecPng
test
blocks
out
of
14
types
High
cumulated
deficit
3.500
blocks
3.500
blocks
45%
of
blocks
➔ SelecPon
of
4
interesPng
block
types
➔ Choice
of
representaPve
blocks
within
each
type
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

40. Selected
blocks
I
(social
deficit)
•
•
•
•
Large
blocks
with
homogeneous
buildings
Small
gardens
Important
mobility
problem
Low
diversity
H
(ecological
deficit)
•
•
•
Low
density
High
sanding
villas
Renova>on
at
various
periods
I
and
H
types
represent
very
disPnct
challenges
calling
for
different
SCB
offerings
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

41. SegmentaPon
Criteria
1
Analysis
Exis>ng
Projects
2
Segmenta>on
by
bloc
types
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
3
Choice
of
test
city
blocks
4
SCB
offering
5
Evalua>on

42. SCB
soluPons
offering
(1/3)
Technique
(16)
Panneaux
solaires
photovoltaïques
Panneaux
solaires
thermiques
Pompe
à
chaleur
géothermique
réversible
Pompe
à
chaleur
air/air
réversible
Récupérateur
thermique
Réseau
thermique
Cogénéra>on
Biogaz
Enveloppe
Isola>on
Ven>la>on
mécanique
Ombrage
Toiture
verte
Façade
verte
Combles
Revêtement
de
façade
Ouvertures
(éclairage)
Energie
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

43. SCB
soluPons
offering
(2/3)
Environnemental
(15)
Mobilité
Déchets
Parking
Vélo
Parking
voiture
Vélo
partagé
Voiture
partagé
Réseaux
de
circula>on
Espace
tri-­‐déchets
Compost
Eau
Récupéra>on
&
traitement
d'eaux
grises
Récupéra>on
&
traitement
d'eau
de
pluie
Espaces
extérieurs
Potager
Toiture
verte
Façade
verte
Aire
de
jeux/sport
Jardin/terrasse
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

44. SCB
soluPons
offering
(3/3)
Social
(29)
Sports/détente
Salle
slow
sport
Salle
Fitness
Piscine
+
bien-­‐être/thalasso/sauna/
hammam
Travail/intellectuel
Bureau
partagé
Salle
de
réunion
Salle
d'étude/lecture
Taches
domes>ques
Buanderie
Atelier
Pièce
stockage
Alimenta>on
Cuisine
Surgélateur
Cellier
Cave
à
vin
Potager
Loisirs
Chambre
d'hôte
Cuisine
Local
répé>>on
musique/concert
Salle
de
fêtes
Jardin/terrasse
Aire
de
jeux/sport
Salle
exposi>on
Cinéma/théâtre/conférence
Salle
de
rencontres/salle
de
quar>er
Salle
TV/Hifi
Educa>on
Salle
d'études/lecture
Crèche
Divers
Sanitaires
Maison
ou
élément
témoin
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

45. A
soluPon
element
-­‐
example
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

46. SegmentaPon
Criteria
1
Analysis
Exis>ng
Projects
2
Segmenta>on
by
bloc
types
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK
3
Choice
of
test
city
blocks
4
SCB
offering
5
EvaluaPon

47. Findings
and
next
steps
• Ci>es
are
about
people
Finance
and
Technology
are
enablers,
human
mo>va>on
is
the
game
changer.
• Preliminary
survey
shows
very
contrasted
nature
of
mo>va>ons
and
levels
of
interest
for
innova>ve
urban
solu>ons,
depending
on
popula>on
segment.
• City
renova>on
can
have
in
depth
impact
on
property
value
➔ Deeply
anchored
within
impacted
ci>zens
à”
L’Espoir”
OR
➔ Gentrifica>on
• SCB
focuses
by
essence
on
ac>ve
par>cipa>on
of
incumbent
popula>on
for
increased
local
anchorage
• Next
Phases
of
the
Research
include:
• Detailed
Stakeholder
analysis
:
popula>on,
poli>cal
(regional,
local,
proximity),
public
services
u>li>es,
private
service
providers,
construc>on,
finance
• Technico-­‐economic
modelisa>on
of
SCB
solu>ons
• Case
Study
on
selected
city
blocks
including
co-­‐elabora>on
of
SCB
scenarios
with
popula>on
and
other
stakeholders
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

48. Provisional
Conclusions
•
•
•
•
•
•
SCB
philosophy
analyses
possible
socio-­‐technical
scenarios
of
community
services
based
on
shared
infrastructure
The
sharing
of
infrastructure
is
an
observable
trend
with
increasing
public
acceptance,
as
evidenced
by
the
growing
adop>on
of
large
scale
bicycle/car
sharing
solu>ons
such
as
“Villo”
or
“Cambio”
schemes
in
Brussels
At
the
city
block
level,
the
organiza>onal
perrenialty
and
financial
viability
of
infrastructure
sharing
schemes
requires
the
set
up
of
collec>ve
self-­‐management
and
control
mechanisms
at
the
community
level
Complementary
currecies
can
offer
instrumental
support
to
the
“not
for
profit”
management
of
SCB
solu>ons.
SCB
focuses
on
the
crea>on
of
new
linkages
and
social
behaviors
at
local
level,
offering
a
pla€orm
for
trans
genera>on
services
Sustainable
districts
Brussels
Region
2012
SCB
is
an
innova>ve
research
project
for
defining
new
urban
solu>ons
contribu>ng
to
changing
the
paradigm
of
current
urban
life
organiza>ons
Imagina#on
is
everything.
It
is
the
preview
of
life's
coming
aErac#ons.
A.
Einstein
26/03/2013
U.L.B.
–
SMART
CITY
BLOCK

49. Smart
City
Block
An
U.L.B.
Project
Sponsored
by
Electrabel
Ecole
Polytechnique
de
Bruxelles
Service
BEAMS
Promo>on:
Coordina>on:
Prof.
J.C.
Maun
F.
Klopfert
O.
Mortehan
C.
Lhoir
H.
Joachain
scb@ulb.ac.be

50. Smart
City
Block
Adel
El
Gammal
a.elgammal@amon-­‐consul>ng.eu
www.amon-­‐consul>ng.eu