4. Spreads to the rest of Europe Spreads to 13 American Colonies Enlightenment Starts in Great Britain American Revolution Britain vs American Colonies French Revolution The People vs Monarchy Who does the government get its Power from? PEOPLE 1776-1781 1789-1799

6. France

7. France

8. Paving the way! Just as the Scientific Revolution paved the way for the Enlightenment … … Enlightenment ideas paved the way for the French Revolution. Revolution

9. American Revolution French Revolution Enlightenment Ideas Government Gets power from People “ Popular Sovereignty” People have natural Rights Life, Liberty, Property People have the right to Overthrow a govt. who does Not protect their rights Speech Separation of Powers Elections Legislative, Executive Judicial Checks and Balances religion press Democracy Republic

10. Causes of the French Revolution Inequalities among classes: Third Estate ready to revolt! Soaring National debt = deficit spending Enlightenment Ideas : *Natural Rights and equality! Louis XVI failed economic reform Locke: Natural Rights=life liberty and property. Voltaire:Battled corruption,injustice and inequality. American Revolution Formation of the National Assembly Storming the Bastille Soaring Food Prices: Bread riots Bad Harvest Hunger and Poverty Causes of the French Revolution Tennis Court Oath Estates-General

11. The French Revolution Section 1: On the Eve of Revolution French Society Divided Before the French Revolution, France operated under a social system in which there were three classes of people. The highest was made up of the clergy, the next was composed of the nobility and the lowest was for everyone else. Members of this lowest class, called the Third Estate, paid all of the taxes.

13. The Third Estate *They paid all of the taxes

15. Estates (Social Classes) in France Third Estate

16. Europe What is the significance/importance of this cartoon? It shows how the king, 1 st Estate, and the 2 nd Estate abused, used and depended on the 3 rd Estate

20. The French Monarchy: 1775 - 1793 Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette

24. Estates General King Louis XVI called all three Estates together to vote on how to fix the issues France was facing.

25. France’s Population France’s Estates Representatives First estate: clergy Second estate: nobles Third Estate: everyone else 1 vote 1 vote 1 vote 1% 2% 97%

28. Tennis Court Oath I promise to…

29. “ The Tennis Court Oath” The National Assembly promised never to give up, until they had created a lasting Constitution!

30. Storming the Bastille July 14, 1789 *The Third Estate acted on a rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly. *The Third Estate attacks the Bastille, because it has gunpowder and weapons they need to fight the Revolution.

31. The Bastille

32. The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt (July 20, 1789) *Rumors that the King and the nobles were sending their military to attack peasants, pillage their land and put down the revolt.

34. “ The Third Estate Awakens” They proclaimed themselves the “National Assembly” of France.

36. Bread was a main part of the French diet!

38. What is the significance/importance of this cartoon? It shows how the other European rulers feared the spread of the French Revolution Catherine of Russian, the Pope, King Leopold, and King George III The Revolution is portrayed as the Bubonic Plague (diseased Rats) with the main killing machine, (guillotine) as the tail Guillotine French Rats “ The French Plague” *Textbook p.118 Monarchs from other European countries

42. Declaration of the Rights of Man

51. National Assembly Now France has Three Branches of Government

52. Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

54. Political Factions = groups with different ideas. 1791: The Legislative Assembly, split into three general groups. Radicals Moderates Conservatives (Liberals) “Right wing” “Left wing”

56. The Legislative Assembly eventually gave up the idea of forming a limited monarchy and was forced to turn control over to the radicals; the new governing body called itself the National Convention . Radicals create the National Convention Radicals that want to Abolish the Monarchy! Want to create a Republic!

57. Sept. 1792 : France becomes a Republic! The National Convention abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. France is a republic! The King and Queen were executed!

58. Robespierre won the power struggle; attempts were made to destroy all traces of the monarchy and nobility. That led to the Reign of Terror . 1793 - 1794 “ Radical” Radicals killed over 17,000 with the guillotine! Reign of Terror

59. End of the Reign of Terror “ Revolutions devour their own children.” July 28, 1794: Robespierre himself became a victim of the guillotine = execution device; a large blade slides down a track from above chopping the head off the body.

61. 1795: The Directory * Moderate leaders drafted a new Constitution, which set up a new government the Directory and a two house legislature. All power was put into the hands of the Directory.

62. A New General Though corrupt, the Directory did provide France with a period of order. They also found the right general to command France’s armies: Napoleon Bonaparte

64. More power! But that wasn’t enough – Napoleon wanted MORE power. 1804: With the support of the French voters, Napoleon made himself emperor.

66. Napoleon’s Coronation

69. French Expansion: 1791-1799

72. End of Napoleon’s Empire An episode from the retreat from Russia, by Nicolas-Toussaint Charlet

74. His “Waterloo” 1815: Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo.

79. Compare and Contrast Fr Rev Am Rev Immedi-ate and Long-term Results Interna-tional Reaction Philo-sophical Rationale and Declara- tions Religion Type of Warfare Objective

87. Before French Revolution France 2. Name and Describe the social classes 1. Name the type of Government = Monarchy 1st Estate 2nd Estate 3rd Estate

88. 1789 France “ We promise to never separate and to create a Constitution” August: National Assembly votes to end Special privileges and Declaration Of Rights Of Man And Citizen 3. This action caused the beginning of the Revolution 4. Who attacked this building and why? Explain what is happening National Assembly The Bastille Tennis Court Oath

89. 1790 Constitution of 1791 Limited Monarchy 1791 N.A. Takes control Legislative Assembly Make laws Collect taxes Decide on War

90. 1792 Radicals take control of the Legislative Assembly And set up a Republic Prussia, Britain, and Austria VS France That’s why were gonna kill’em, in the big nine-three Ya down with King Louis? Hell no, not me Male suffrage

91. 1793 King Louis & Maria Antoinette are Guillotined Monarchy is Abolished Reign of Terror 17,000 executed Committee of Public Safety Robespierre Live by the guillotine, die by the guillotine 1794

95. Sans-culottes

96. King Louis XVI Marie Antoinette Robespierre Napoleon

99. Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Black Sea France Absolute Monarchy Limited Monarchy Great Britain Ireland Austrian Empire Prussia Spain Portugal Norway Sweden Russia Ottoman Empire Denmark Poland Switz Ottoman Empire Paris Palace of Versailles 1789 French Revolution

100. Absolute Monarchy Limited Monarchy Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea France Great Britain Ireland Austrian Empire Prussia Spain Portugal Norway Sweden Ottoman Empire Denmark Poland Switz Black Sea Russia Ottoman Empire Paris Palace of Versailles 1789 French Revolution

101. Absolute Monarchy Limited Monarchy Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea France Great Britain Ireland Austrian Empire Prussia Spain Portugal Norway Sweden Ottoman Empire Denmark Poland Switz Black Sea Russia Ottoman Empire Paris Palace of Versailles

102. Absolute Monarchy Limited Monarchy Black Sea Russia Ottoman Empire Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea France Great Britain Ireland Austrian Empire Prussia Spain Portugal Norway Sweden Ottoman Empire Denmark Poland Switz Paris Palace of Versailles