2. What is Democracy? Form of government “Rule by the people” Representative or Direct? People have the right to vote Democrat or Republican - political parties Freedom or right to choose
3. Chapter 1, Section 1 Functions of Government Make Laws -- Legislative Enforce Laws -- Executive Interpret & Change Laws - Judicial
4. Purposes of Government what is governments responsibility to its citizens? Maintain Order Provide Services Protect Us
5. Maintaining Order How does the government maintain order? Police Courts FBI/CIA Congress and making laws
10. I. Origins of Government Aristotle - ancient Greek philosopher 384-322 BCE Coined the term “polis” or city-state --refers to ancient Greek government -- serves as the basis for democracy
11. Characteristics of a “state”(Based on Aristotle’s definition) The term “state” is interchangeable with: country, nation or city-state 1. People - population Territory Government Sovereignty - the ability to rule oneself
12. II. Division of Political Authority - Aristotle Distribution of Power a. Unitary system b. Confederate System c. Federal System Economic 3. Who Rules a. Capitalist a. autocracy b. Socialist b. oligarchy c. Communist c. democracy
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14. Distribution of Powerhow does power flow?A. Unitary System one central government with full authority over all political subdivisions or states
15. Confederate System states are sovereign and individual but are all working toward a common goal; central government has limited power
16. Federal Systempower is shared between a central government and its political subdivisions
20. Who/How Many Rule? Autocracy - one ruler 1. Dictatorship - single ruler with absolute power. --no elections --may use force to maintain control 2. Monarchy - single ruler who gains leadership through inheritance --some have absolute power but not common today -- Saudi Arabia - example
27. What is the difference between authoritarianism and totalitarianism?
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29. Social Contract Theory Identifies that people do have rights Focus is on the people, not the ruler Government should actually be an “agreement” or “contract” between a people and its government Based on Natural Rights - the “nature of law” Social Contract Theory is extended to acknowledge that people have natural rights:
31. Social Contract Theory (con’t.) John Locke - Two Treaties of Government (1690) Social contract theory extended further to assume that people agree to obey the government in exchange for the government providing services and protection for the people.
32. Key to the beginning of US Government: John Locke’s Social Contract Theory says that if the government does not hold up its end of the agreement, people have the right to break the “contract” and revolt
33. B. Oligarchy - a few/small group of rulers Totalitarianism - small group that rules the government that takes over virtually every aspect of people’s lives. Junta - small military group seizes power and begins their own government Aristocracy - rule by an elite upper class (our founding fathers)
34. 4. Meritocracy - people with the highest IQ and effort/ability to rule. 5. Plutocracy - rule by the wealthy 6. Technocracy - run by the highly educated who believe that major business should have the most say in government
35. 7. Theocracy - rulers rule on behalf of God and religion
36. Democracy - rule by the people Republic - elected officials vote on policy issues/representatives of the people conduct the government’s business Direct Democracy - every man has a say or vote on every issue Representative Democracy - synonymous with “republic” Social Democracy - capitalist democracy begins incorporating aspects of socialism into its government practices & economy - “controlled capitalism”
37. Citizenship - 14th Amendment US Citizenship Rights 1. Vote 2. Serve on a jury 3. Hold public office 4. Public Services/Education 5. Own property/business 6. Due Process/legal protection
40. Ways to Be a US Citizen 1. Jus soli - “of the soil” --anyone born on US territory (military bases, embassies, etc.) 2. Jus sanguinis -- “of blood” --when both parents are US citizens --if at least one parent has been a citizen for a minimum of 10 yrs.
41. Naturalization (requirements) a. Ability to read, write and speak English b. Good moral character c. Working knowledge of Civics/US History d. 5 years of permanent residency (3 years if married to a US citizen) e. Favorable disposition toward the US & the Constitution.
42. Citizenship Status Legal Alien a. Permanent resident - lives here permanently, has a green card and is working toward citizenship b. Non-resident - here temporarily, usually for work or education F-1 Visa = Student visa H-1 Visa = work visa c. Illegal Alien - obvious
