A Research Paper on Plastic Pollution

1. Plastic Pollution:
Major Concern of the Country
ABSTRACT:
Studies suggest that trillions of plastic particles are on the surface of our Earth and
that the total amount of plastic waste entering the ocean will increase by more than
20% of magnitude by 2025. As such, this ever-increasing problem demands
immediate mitigation and reduction. Diverse solutions have been proposed,
ranging from sourcereduction to Global-based cleanup. These solutions are most
effective when guided by scientific evidence. A study published in Environmental
Research Letters (Sherman and van Sebille 2016 Environ. Res. Lett. 11 014006)
took a closer look at the potential effectiveness of Global-based cleanup. They
conclude that it will be most cost-effective and ecologically beneficial if clean-up
efforts focus on the flux of plastics from the coasts as well as household and
industries rather than in the center of the trenching grounds where plastic
accumulates in so called ‘garbage patches’. If followed, this example may become
one of a series of examples where science has informed a solution to the complex
problem of plastic pollution.

2. INTRODUCTION:
Plastic pollution is one modern day's biggest environmental issues. The wide
spread use of disposable plastic to deliver single use products suchas bottled
water, grocery bags and shampoo bottles, has caused public outrage over the
environmental disasters caused by the leftover plastic.
Plastic products have gained increasing popularity amongst consumers and
retailers due to the fact that they are functional, light weight, strong, cheap and
hygienic way of transporting foods and goods. Even flimsy plastic bags, which
have been identified as the most prevalent postconsumer waste, have popularity
amongst small retailers. Unfortunately, the properties of plastic that make it so
valuable make the disposalproblematic.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Plastic Pollution in cities of Mumbai and Thane:
(Gaurav Lodha)
Disposable plastic are the greatest sourceof plastic pollution. Plastic bags, Bottles,
Utensils, cups, these things remain forever. Plastic also pollutes without being
littered through the compound used in its manufacturing, pollution of
environment by chemical reached from plastic into air, water.
Chemicals used for manufacturing plastic affects human hormones and also
animals that affect their reproductive system. So, awareness of plastic pollution
should be spread all over. To do so, if you things should be avoided in a day to day
life suchas plastic bags, plastic bottles, tiffin boxes, etc.
about 6137 tones remain uncollected and littered 4 Metros are major conflicts in

3. Gendered being such waste i.e.
 Delhi
 Chennai
 Kolkata
 Mumbai
And of these 40% of plastic is not recycled. This waste is mostly plastics i.e. non-
biodegradable and poisons the environment every day. Plans to segregate dry and
wet garbage the dry- wet segregation plan has not had any large scale impact as it
was implemented only by a few housings society.
Plastic Pollution: James Oliver and Florian Thevenon
Plastics are synthetic organic Polymers and though they have existed just for a
century, 30 million tons of plastic were produced annually. Versatility of this
material had lead to its increased demand. The lightweight, strong, durable and
Cheap. These same properties happen to be the reason why plastics are a serious
hazard to the environment. Plastic material also end up in the marine environment
when accidentally, carelessly handled or left by beach goers. Some sea birds select
specific plastic shapes and color, mistaking them for prevention for prey
item.There is also a potential danger to marine ecosystems from accumulation of
plastic debris on the sea floor ingestion of plastic
Leads to Various harmful effects.

4. - Blockage of gastric enzymes secretion
- Lord steroid hormone levels
- Delayed ovulation and reproductive failure.
Ingestion of plastic debris please by small fish and sea birds for instance can
reduce food uptake, because internal injury and death following blockage Of
intestinal excrete
Impact of Plastic on Environmental Pollution :
P.Pavani
The world population is living, working, increasingly conglomerating along the
coasts and standing in the front row of the greatest, most unprecedented plastic
waste tide ever faced. Plastic is versatile, light in weight, strong and inexpensive.
These are the Attractive qualities that lead us, around the world, to such a
voracious appetite and over consumption of plastic goods.
Plastic waste is a silent threat to the environment and their disposalis a serious
issue for the waste manager. Despite of efforts made to limit its use but
unfortunately its utility is increasing Day by day. TO reduce plastic waste and its
negative effect, recycling programs have been implemented. Plastic is an ideal
material for single use disposable device, becausethey are cost - effective require
little energy to produceand are light weight and biocompatible.
A study shows - Detectable level of bisphenol A (BPA) from plastics have been
found in urine of 95% of adults in the US. Biodegradable plastic hold a good
promise but currently they are not the perfect solution. Although there are great
benefit from using plastics, especially in the health Care sector, there needs to be a
second revolution of plastic, in which lifecycle
consideration are integrated with production and consumption decisions to
handle the voluminous present Day of plastics. Most when being destined for
disposalafter single use.

5. The Concept of Control and Manage Plastic
Pollution of India/World: The IJES
The researchers in his survey is focusing on the importance of safe disposalof
plastic and various measures to do so. He has suggest various techniques for
controlling and managing plastic pollution. Which can be adopted by every
country. The research technique is explained by the researchers in four parts
- The information about plastic pollution
- Financially demand to waste plastic
- Role of Bharat swachta kendra in "swach bharat abhiyaan".
- Effect of Waste plastic product.
He has also discuss the effect of plastic on human bodyand the role of individual
towards the prevention of plastic pollution. Similarly he has also explained the
rule of her family, village and I'm going there in handling plastic waste. There are
also videos since he used in the production of lasting which is mention in the
research paper
Plastics: Issues challenge and remediation: Dr.
Raman Sharma
After reading the research, we can say that plastic has had a significant effect on
most of the industries. We have become dependent on plastic products as they are
cost-effective, durable and readily available.
The fact that is ignored is that plastic is harmful for both living beings as well as
the environment. Incineration of plastic material leads to release of poisonous
gases into the atmosphere. Water and land is polluted by dumping of plastic in the
respective domains.

6. We have spokenabout a few techniques and methods for plastic waste
management, conventional as well as modern. Plastic waste management is crucial
in today's world as we have reached dangerous levels of plastic toxicity not only in
our country but across the globe.
Plastic pollution has to be minimized to its minimum as it will poseas a threat to
our future generations. India is a major contributor to worldwide plastic pollution.
Even though many initiatives have been started by the Government such as
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, CSR has been made mandatory for all companies and
drives are being conducted by NGO's, it seems to be not as effective as aimed for.
RESEARCH DESIGN :
Sample Size: The sample size taken for this research is 91.
Sample method: Simple random sampling method
Researchdesign: Exploratory design method
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
A major concern of our country, the purposeof this research is to identify the
environmental impacts of plastics and its effects. Plastic products have emerged as
one of the most successful products worldwide, in recent decades. Although they
have excelled in functionality and some environmental aspects, plastic has become
one manifestation of present day linear mode of production and consumption. The
focus of this research is to identify all the causes of plastic pollution, preventive
measures and disposablemethods for the same.
OBJECTIVES:
 To find out how many people are aware of the laws and governmental
schemes related to plastic pollution.
 To know the preferences of people about the alternatives of plastic bags.

7.  To make people aware of the adverse effects of plastic pollution.
 To find out the contribution of an individual towards controlling plastic
pollution
HYPOTHESIS:
Independent variable: Plastic bags and plastic waste
Dependent variable: Health of human beings, living creatures and environment
Control variable: Government policies and rules, Global policies
H0: There is no significant relationship between the disposalof plastic waste and
environment.
H1:There is significant relationship between the disposalof plastic waste and
environment.

8. DATA ANALYSIS:

14. SCOPE:
 The research focuses on how plastic being light weight and durable material
has many adverse effects on the environment.
 Study also highlights on how people can switch to other alternatives of
plastic bags like cloth bags or paper bags for day to day uses.
 Research will create awareness and encourage people to be more cautious
towards the use of plastic.
 The data analysis will give us an in-depth view on the current scenario of
plastic usage among the people.
CONCLUSION:
The collected data gives us the detailed analysis that there is a need to create more
awareness about the usage of plastics. People aren’t aware about the long term
negative effects caused by plastic pollution on the environment and their health.
The government needs to introduce new schemes and create awareness regarding
the existing schemes as well, since handful of people are aware. More
biodegradable and eco -friendly products needs to be introduced. Safe disposal
measures needs to be adopted. Initiatives at individual level needs to be adapted.
REFERNCES:
www.rhimrj.com/admin/upload/-upload-NOV14010419.pdf
https://jchps.com/specialissues/.../18%20jchps%20si3%20P.Pavani%2087-93.pdf
https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/plastics-issues-challenges-and-remediation-2252-
5211.1000134.pdf
www.seadocsociety.org/wp-content/.../Vegter-et-al2014-plastic-marine-wildlife.pdf

15. Questionnaire
Plastic Pollution: Major Concern of the Country
Name: Age:
Occupation: Gender:
Q1. Where do you use maximum plastic products?
A. Home B. Office C. Outdoor D. Other
Q2. Do you make sure that the plastic you're using is biodegradable?
A. Yes B. No C. Can’t say
Q3. Do you always throw the plastic into a dustbin?
A. Always B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Rarely E. Never
Q4. Where do you throw your plastic Waste?
A. Municipal Corporation B. NGO’s C. Other
Q5. Have you heard of any techniques to control plastic pollution?
A. Yes B. No
Q6. Do you know the laws and punishment for plastic pollution in India?
If yes, what are they?
A. Yes B. No

16. Q7. Will Swach Bharat Movement Control plastic pollution?
A. Strongly agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree
E. Strongly disagree
Q8. Do you carry your own bag while going to shopping?
A. Always B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Rarely E. Never
Q9. Would you prefer using a cloth bags instead of plastic bags?
A. Yes B. No C. Can’t say
Q10. Do you think plastic manufacturing companies are the main cause
of plastic pollution?
A. Strongly Agree B. Agree C. Neutral D. Disagree
E. Strongly Disagree
Q11. What are a few things you do in your day to day life to save our
planet from plastic pollution?
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