Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Doping in sports
1.
2. “Dope” taken from Dutch word ‘dop’ –
alcoholic beverages from grape skins, used by
Zulu warriors to enhance their power in battle.
In 1st Century AD, the Greek runners used to
drink a herbal beverage to increase their
strength and be capable to run long distance
races.
3. Doping is defined as presence of prohibited
substances or methods to unfairly improve their
sporting performances and to gain an advantage
over their competitors.
According to IOC, “Doping is the use of any
method or substance that might harm the athlete,
In a quest to gain an unfair advantage over his/her
fellow competitors.”
According to WADA, “Doping is defined as the
occurrence of one or more of the anti-doping rule
violations set forth in Article 2.1 through Article
2.8 of the code.”
4. Established in 1999, head quarter’s are present
in Montreal, Canada.
192 countries and more than 570 sporting
organizations have signed up with WADA.
WADA’s budget is shared equally by member
governments and the IOC.
5. India has the highest number of failed dope
tests internationally.
In 2010, 103 Indian sportspersons, including
juniors, failed dope tests.
In 2011, 121 tested positive while more than
130 have failed in 2012.
The Weight Lifting Federation of India has
been suspended twice by the International
body.
6. 1. Presence of prohibited substance or methods.
2. Use or attempt to use a prohibited substance or
method.
3. Refusing to submit a sample collection after being
notified.
4. Failure to file athletes whereabouts after being
notified.
5. Tampering with any part of the doping control
process.
6. Possession of a prohibited substance or method.
7. Trafficking a prohibited substance or method.
7. 1. Blood Doping: According to WADA, the
misuse of techniques or substances to increase
one’s RBC count is Blood Doping.
2. Gene Doping: It is the manipulation of cells
or genes to enhance the body’s sports
performance. Modifying genes enable faster
reaction and increase physical strength.
3. chemical and physical manipulations: An
attempt to tamper the validity of the collected
samples by manipulation.
8. 1. Anabolic steroids: enhance the performance,
serious side effects.
2. Peptide hormones: Increase muscle growth
and strength, increase RBC count
3. Diuretics: evades anti doping test, unfairly
manages body weight
4. Hormones and metabolic modulators:
interfere with function of oestrogen
5. Beta 2- agonists: enhance respiratory efficiency
9. 1. To be aware & comply with all anti-doping
policies.
2. To be available for sample collection.
3. To be responsible for ingest and use of any
substance or method in context of anti-doping.
4. To inform medical personnel of the team about
any medical treatment taken and confirming that
it does not violate anti-doping policies.
5. To report immediately to doping control station
for testing unless delayed for valid reason.
6. To maintain control of the sample until its sealed.
10. Testing of prohibited substances is mandatory
in the field of sports. An athlete can be called
for dope testing at any time in or out of
competition.
Tests are:
11. 1. Blood testing:
It is used to detect artificial oxygen carriers.
Two samples are taken in the presence of an
official.
Samples are sealed in the presence of athlete.
Code is provided by the officials.
After sampling, medical declaration is done by
the athlete.
Samples are sent to the registered lab where
samples are tested.
If sample is tested positive, athlete is notified.
12. 2. Urine testing:
Sample is provided in the supervision of coach
or doctor.
Sample is taken in presence of an official of
same gender.
Sample is split into two and sealed by the
athlete.
Code is provided by the officials.
After sampling the same procedure is followed
as in blood testing.