Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
3. WHAT IS DISASTER
A disaster can be defined as “A serious disruption in the
functioning of the community or a society causing wide spread
material, economic, social or environmental losses which exceed
the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources”.
A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either nature or
manmade that causes human suffering and creates human needs
that victims cannot alleviate without assistance
7. NATURAL DISASTERS
The definition of natural disasters is any catastrophic event that is
caused by nature or the natural processes of the earth. The severity of a
disaster is measured in lives lost, economic loss, and the ability of the
population to rebuild.
• Earthquake
• Floods
• Volcanoes
• Tsunami
• Tornadoes, Typhoons, Cyclones
8. MAN-MADE DISASTERS
A man-made disaster results from man-made hazards (threats having an
element of human intent, negligence or error, or involving a failure of a
man-made system). They differ from natural disasters that result from
natural hazards.
• Nuclear leaks
• Chemical leaks/ Spill over
• Terrorist activities
• Structural collapse
9. WHAT IS DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster Management can be defined as organization and
management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with
humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness,
response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.
10. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
• Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of
government
• Disaster management should use resources that exist for a day-to-
day purpose.
• Individuals are responsible for their own safety.
• Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale events.
11. • DM planning should recognize the difference between incidents and
disasters.
• DM planning must take account of the type of physical environment
and the structure of the population.
• DM arrangements must recognise the involvement and potential
role of non- government agencies.
12. PHASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster management aims to reduce, or avoid,
the potential losses from hazards, assure
prompt and appropriate assistance to victims of
disaster.
The Disaster management cycle illustrates the
ongoing process by which governments,
businesses, and civil society plan for and
reduce the impact of disasters, react during a
disaster, and take steps to recover after a
disaster has occurred.
13. Mitigation -
Minimizing the effects of disaster.
Examples: building codes and zoning; vulnerability analyses; public education.
Preparedness -
Planning how to respond.
Examples: preparedness plans; emergency exercises/training; warning
systems.
Response -
Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster.
Examples: search and rescue; emergency relief .
Recovery -
Returning the community to normal.
Examples: temporary housing; grants; medical care.
14. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
• Preparedness should be in the form of money, manpower and materials
• Evaluation from past experiences about risk
• Location of disaster prone areas
• Organization of communication, information and warning system
• Ensuring co-ordination and response mechanisms
• Development of public education programme
• Co-ordination with media
• National & international relations
• Keeping stock of foods, drug and other essential commodities.
15. DISASTER IMPACT
• Disaster-related health needs typically do not show up immediately.
• Damage to health care facilities—and diagnostic equipment—can have
long-reaching consequences.
• Water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions before and after a disaster can
greatly affect the level of impact on a community’s health.
• Often, post-disaster outbreaks of disease are associated with population
displacement.
• Fund risk reduction activities such as vulnerability assessments for
potentially disaster-prone areas and impact mitigation.
16. DISASTER MITIGATION
• This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.
• These include depending upon the disaster, protection of vulnerable
population and structure.
E.g. improving structural qualities of schools, houses and such other
buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized.
• Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health services
including water supply and sewage system to reduce the cost of
rehabilitation and reconstruction.
17. DISASTER RESPONSE
• Responding to disasters and helping to recover .
• Disrupt vital community self-help networks, further increasing vulnerability.
• Disrupt markets over a wide area, reducing the availability of food and
opportunities for income generation.
• destroy essential health infrastructure such as hospitals, resulting in a lack
of emergency and longer-term medical care for the affected population.
• Epidemiologic surveillance and disease control
18. DISASTER RECOVERY
• There is no distinct point at which immediate relief changes into recovery and
then into long-term sustainable development
• Successful Recovery Preparation
• Be vigilant in Health teaching
• Psychological support
• Referrals to hospital as needed
• Remain alert for environmental health
• Nurse must be attentive to the danger
19. CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Crisis Management is the
management and coordination of
your institution’s responses to an
incident that threatens to harm, or
has harmed, your institution’s people,
structures, ability to operate,
valuables and reputation.
20. CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Crisis management best practices include :-
• Planning in detail for responses to as many potential crises as possible.
• Establishing monitoring systems and practices to detect early warning
signals of any foreseeable crisis.
• Establishing and training a crisis management team or selecting an external
crisis management firm with a proven track record in your business area.
• Involving as many stakeholders as possible in all planning and action
stages.
21. CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Planning:-
Planning relates to getting your institution in the best position to
react to, and recover from, an emergency.
Incident Response:-
Incident responses are the processes that you have put
into place to ensure that your institution reacts properly and orderly to an
incident as it occurs.
22. CRISIS MANAGEMENT
Examples of incident response include:
a. Evacuation after a called-in bomb threat
b. Denial of entry to suspicious persons
c. Calling for medical help when a child is injured in your school/college
Business Continuity:-
Business continuity relates to those steps necessary to
restore your institution to normal functioning.
23. GOVERNMENT INITIATIVE
• Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly, eco-friendly and
disabled friendly disaster management
• Technology driven but people owned
• Knowledge Management: Documentation and dissemination of good
practices
• Public Private Partnership
• Investments in Preparedness and Prevention (Mitigation) will yield
sustainable results, rather than spending money on relief after a disaster.
24. PUBLIC AWARENESS
The public awareness includes the following key approach for disaster
risk reduction:
Campaigns posters, newspapers, e-learning, games, social medias,
cultural arts
Participatory learning presentations, seasonal calendar, audio clips,
simulations, transect walk, group discussions
25. PUBLIC AWARENESS
Informal education brainstorming, question box, case studies, role play,
storytelling, early warnings
Formal school-based intervention evacuations, fire suppression, shelter,
light search and rescue, basic first aid, student-family reunification
procedures.
Curriculum work textbooks, standalone courses, hands-on learning
materials
