Essay About Africa

africa Essay example
African Cultures
Africa has more than 800 languages native to its continent. African cultures are so diverse that they
are different from any other culture of the world. African cultures contain many different languages.
African languages range from common French to languages unheard of to most people such as
Swahili. African arts are much different than American arts. Their art involves much more creative
pottery, masks, and paintings. Africa has a very interesting culture. Reasons being the people are
very creative and like to express their individuality. The most diverse cultures in the world belong to
Africa.
There are more than 800 languages spoken in the continent of Africa. Most Africans speak two or
...show more content...
It is the national language of Tanzania and the official language of Kenya (African Languages). It is
also the official in German East Africa (Reader 265). Approximately 50 million people speak this
language (African Languages).
Art is very important to the Africans. In fact it is part of their everyday life (Fetzer 106). South
African artists are active in many areas of art including sculpture, pottery, mask making, and many
more (African Arts Information).
Like African paintings, poetry, and woodcarvings, sculptures tell a tale and immortalize cultures
and beliefs. Different artists have different styles (African Arts Information). Materials and styles
differ from village to village. Most sculptors use green wood, copper, tin, zinc alloys, bronze, ivory,
or terra cotta, a kind of earth ware. Most sculpture figures are believed to contain ancestor's
spirits. Others represent sacred ideas or events (Fetzer 106). Some objects are said to be magical and
believed to have magical powers (African Arts). Africans carve figures, make masks, and decorate
articles for ceremonies (Fetzer 106).
Masks were created to be placed over the face, on the top of the head, or even over the head. Most
masks represent spirits of ancestors (Fetzer 106). Some villages make masks with full costumes and
use them with music to dance in ritual performances. They used masks for social control,
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Africa By Mckay
Claude McKay's "Africa" is an English sonnet also known as a traditional literary poem. It starts
with an opening "The sun sought thy dim bed and brought forth light". Referring to historical and
scientific debate on of the African origins of the nation. This can also be related to biblical
terminology, dim being Africa's unlighted knowledge prior to God's intervention and it also can be
inferred that he is referring to the rich melanin of descendants from Africa.
The next line, "The sciences were sucklings at thy breasts," plays on theory of Africa being the
"Mother Land" or "The Mecca".This is where essentially civilization begins, just like a mother
having a child. The mother is a natural nurturer and essentially Mckay tied in the correlation in the
second line. Mother Africa, a nurturer, raises and encourages the "sciences," actions that foreshadow
another brightening of the world to come in the Enlightenment. Lines three and four are also
portraying a motherly...show more content...
The reputation is now condemned, however, it is possible for Africa to be saved, by taking a
deeper look at Mckay's simple word play. If the lines read "Of all the mighty nations of the sun,
/ Thou art the harlot, now thy time is done," Africa would be made out to be a wayward woman
worthy of scorn because of her blatant disregard to moral restraints. Instead, the lines state, "Thou
art the harlot, now thy time is done, Of all the mighty nations of the sun." The couplet suggests in
a twisted way that Africa was pimped by the "new peoples"as they admire Africa's beauty and
wanted the same by any means necessary. In a Mckay's very particular placement of words, Africa
does not simply lose its honor , glory, and power; like a thief in the night and within a blink of an
eye it was all

Poverty in Africa Essay example
African nations regularly fall to the bottom of any list measuring economic activity, such as per
capita income or per capita GDP, despite a wealth of natural resources. The bottom 25 spots of the
United Nations (UN) quality of life index are regularly filled by African nations. In 2006, 34 of the
50 nations on the UN list of least developed countries are in Africa. In many nations, the per capita
income is often less than $200 U.S. per year, with the vast majority of the population living on much
less. In addition, Africa's share of income has been consistently dropping over the past century by
any measure. In 1820, the average European worker earned about three times what the average
African did. Now, the average European earns twenty...show more content...
On each of these occasions, my only thoughts have been that God did not destine poverty, wars and
suffering for Africans, else Africa would not have been richly blessed with abundant natural and
human resources.
As much as there are very genuine disadvantages hampering our progress economically like:
?Overpopulation, this is so with any society that largely depends on agriculture, African families are
often very large. Most of the elderly rely on their children for support, and as much agriculture in
Africa is labor–intensive, large numbers of children provide much needed labor for plowing,
planting and harvesting. However, overpopulation is a serious problem in urban areas, which have
grown enormously since the beginnings of African independence in the in the late 1950s and later.
For example, in 1960, 14.5% of Nigeria's population lived in urban areas, that number had grown to
43% by 2000, and is growing at an estimated 5.5% per year, compared to a 2.9% national population
growth rate. This is a trend that can be seen throughout the continent.
?Misused Money, Over $500 billion (U.S.) has been sent to African nations in the form of direct aid.
The consensus is that the money has had little long term effect. In addition, most African nations
have borrowed substantial sums of money. However, a large percentage of the money was either
been invested in weapons (money that was spent back in developed nations and

West Africa Essay
West Africa By:
West Africa is know for its rich trading empire, natural landmarks, for their beautifully designed
cloth, and jewelry.
To begin with, West Africa is known for its interesting land features, landforms, and its gradually
changing climate. For example, Lake Chad is one of WestAfrica's well known features. Lake Chad
is one of Africa's largest freshwater lake, and is know for its shrinking over time in size. Some other
rivers located in this region include the Senegal, Niger, Volta, and the Benue river. Oceans
surrounding this region include the Atlantic Ocean which is south of this region. The two types of
coasts in this region include a...show more content...
As you can see, this region has a climate that changes gradually depending on the area it is located.
Natural resources contribute a huge part in this region. The two main products in this region
include gold and salt, which were traded across the Sahara for many years. Another major
contributor is the export of diamonds, gold, and magnesium. Although not many countries in this
region are as fortunate, Ghana relies on the export of these products, which resulted in a Per
Capita Income of $1,900. Although this is a very high income for this region, it is still low
compared to the industrialized world. Even though resources play a huge part in this region,culture
also contributes to what the region is like today. For example, The two main types of cultures in
West Africa are the Ashanti and the Benin. The Ashanti resides in Ghana, and is known for their
work in colorful weavings which are known as Kente cloth. The designs on this cloth always
provide a specific meaning. They are also known fro carving wooden stools, which represent unity
between ancestral spirits and members of a family. The country of Benin however, has artists that
have made objects out of metal and Terra Cota. They are also famous for their statues, masks, and
jewelry.
West Africa Has always been Stateless society before colonialism. The fact of relying on family
lineages worked well for African societies. Unfortunately, the 18th–19th century

The World Of The Continent Of Africa
There are millions of people who are known worldwide for several of reasons. Each and every day
I hear about different people from the different countries who have played a part in American
history and also who have made a difference in the world. This semester I took on a different
course. Not only because I had too but because I wanted to learn more about my African culture. The
continent of Africa is viewed by many was a poor and out of control country. I have learned so
much in this class about Africa as a whole that I love being able to talk to others about what I have
learned and talk about Africa I different way as other may think of it. I chose to do research on one
of known and historic person, Kwame Nkrumah. Also known as...show more content...
Dr Nkrumah continued his schooling in England, where he helped to organize the Fifth Pan–African
Congress in 1945. In 1947 Nkrumah founded the West African National Secretary to the United
States Gold Coast Convention. In 1947 the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) was established
(Stanislaw, 1998). Nkrumah returned to the Gold Coast from London to become its secretary
(Biography of Dr Kwame Nkrumah, 2009). After a few years, Nkrumah broke from the
organization, and formed the Convention People's Party (Biography of Dr Kwame Nkrumah, 2009).
The CPP had a slogan that made a statement, "Self–Government Now." Many people from the Gold
Coast society supported the movement and slogan. They wanted to see the end of British rule, which
included all small traders, army veterans, and other nationalists (Stanislaw, 1998).
The protest by Nkrumah's after a time of struggle became successful. In 1950 Britain government
jailed him for political agitation. After being jailed Britain government allowed a new national
constitution to be drafted, with elections to be held in early February of 1951 (Biography of Dr
Kwame Nkrumah, 2009). While still under arrest and in prison, Nkrumah became the continent's
first African–born prime minister. After winning the 1951 election, Nkrumah's CPP went on to win
subsequent

The Perception of Africa as a Single Entity Essay
Looking at Africa as a single entity has been an issue facing how the world perceives it. When
news of Africa hits the stands it is rarely talking about specific places but rather a story about the
whole of Africa. Viewing Africa as a single thing has lead most of the world, especially Western
cultures, to see it in a generalized way which has led to a negative stereotype of Africa and its people.
During the time of European expansion, many in Europe only knew of Africa, though the letters of
self–appointed anthropologist and adventurers who described Africa as a dark continent; the people
were dark skinned and primitive; they worshiped idols and practiced mysticism. This was evident in
the way that British colonist described the...show more content...
They were to the European simple people but useful. The boarders that were created meshed together
different tribal groups, all with their own customs that made them distinct from one another. Ignorant
to seeing this or perhaps just uncaring, the colonists and missionaries then moved toward civilizing
the Africans by wiping them clean of their identity and instilling into them a new identity. Their
reasoning was to bring the Africans into the modern world and to make them useful. These motives
of course were not simply to help the African people but turn them into a labor force. This
movement was fueled by the belief that the Africans were in nature primitive people and in need of
help. Just like James Ferguson said "Western societies have found in Africa a radical other for their
own constructions of civilization, enlightenment, progress, development, modernity, and, indeed,
history" Africa was a place that was seen as a means to judge the standards of western progress and
culture (Ferguson 2). This meant that Africa and the people who lived there were reduced to a
lower standing on the social ladder. Africa was a testing ground for western nations to test their
ability to bring culture to the uncultured. Even today most of the world judges their way of life,
their culture, and prosperity based on how they compare to a 3rd world country like Africa.
The

Africa In World History Summary
Many African Americans were raised with a one–sided racial image of slavery, there were black
slaves and white slave masters/owners. In school we were not presented with rationales for why
Africans were chosen over other races for manual labor and harsh conditions. Also, the process of
Enslavement. Africa in World History and Negros are Masters gave me a new perspective to think
about. The idea never dawned on me that there was logic to the selection process.
The third edition of Africa in World History by Erik Gilbert explains how Africans possessed certain
physical qualities that promoted growth in the community and the slave–trade as a movement.
Africa in World History also analyzed specific characteristics that made Africans more favorable to
be enslaved for fruitful outcomes compared to other races.
Annamaboe grew from a small, dependent town to an independent polity. It controlled a rich interior,
where...show more content...
They had not been exposed to many diseases and had not developed immunity. Although they
were familiar with the soils and aware of the local geography, this did not make them prominent
candidates for a slave. Infectious disease like smallpox, measles, chicken pox, whooping cough,
and other dangerous infections were making their population rapidly decline. If everyone was
dying from the disease, they would not have enough slaves to own and sell to make profit. The
Europeans were another group that did not meet the requirements to be slaves. They were very
unfamiliar with soils, the cash crops associated with the new economy, and the New World itself.
Europeans were resistant to many infectious diseases brought from the Old World. Diseases such as
Yellow Fever and Malaria took toll on the health of Europeans, especially those laboring under harsh
conditions. Native Americans and Europeans both had life expectancies of less than one

Scientists, economists, and policy makers all agree the world is facing threat from climate
warming. Climate warming is caused by excess greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which
are heat trapping gasses. Human use of fossil fuels is a significant source of these gasses. When
we drive our cars, heat our homes with oil or natural gas, or use electricity from coal fired power
plants, we contribute to global warming. Including any loss of trees or forests also contributes,
considering trees convert carbon dioxide to oxygen. Global warming will have a worldwide effect
but the problem is expected to be most severe in Africa, where the people are poor, temperatures are
high, precipitation is low, technological change is slow, and where...show more content...
The changes occurring in the habitat of Africa will affect animals, plants, birds, marine life, and
humans. There will be many efforts to adapt but only the hardy will survive. Africa has about one
fifth of all known species of plants, mammals and birds. We can begin to predict the impact of
climate changes on these species by looking at things that have happened in the past. For example,
climate change is known to have caused massive bleaching of the coral reefs in the Indian Ocean,
killing 50% in some areas. Climate change can also affect animals on land by changing their
range and perhaps exposing them to new predators. Such as the number of animals who migrate
seasonally. These changes in seasons and rainfall may change migration patterns, which may also
put stress on the land with increasing use by many species. Plant life may also be affected as
climate changes are causing plants to either die out or attempt to migrate to a new area. There are
several thousand species of plants that could be involved (Desanker, 2003). It also has an effect on
the human population. Migrations of people to areas of increased resources can lead to changes in
the social structure, and conflict among groups. Third, African farmers have adapted to a certain
amount of climate variability, but climate change may well force large regions of marginal
agriculture out of production. Even

Essay on Africa
Europe tried to take many countries, Africa being one of them. The European countries had an
effect on Africa today throughout all the primes. Europe had an effect on the African way of life,
that in some ways were good, and in some ways bad.
Imperialism is defined as the extension or rule or influence by one government, nation, or society
over the political, economic, or cultural life of another. European nations decided they wanted land
in the mostly unexplored continent, and they took it, without the consent of the African people.
Europe brought Christian ideas into Africa. Religion was changed from what it would have been to
Christianity today. If you look at most of the countries in Africa such as Angola, Congo, Ghana or
Zimbabwe...show more content...
European Imperialist Policies made Africa lose history of their culture and brought racism to Africa.
Europeans wanted to change Africans to be more like them, changing their religion, changing their
life style and making them slaves. Slavery led to the loss of culture because after a while Africans
began to think of themselves as lower class; since that's what they were treated like. The Westernized
minority, influenced by European culture and Christianity, first rejected African traditional culture.
Slavery lead to people hating Africa, Africans and the African culture. Which leads to the Africa
culture and traditions being diminished. Why would anyone want to practice a certain religion or
traditions if they were labeled as wrong, or unethical.
Traditionally, the majority of Africans have been farmers and herders who raised crops and
livestock. When Europeans started colonizing they demanded agricultural and mineral products.
Safer technology and ways of farming were learned and brought to Africa. European technology and
crops were introduced and a modern exchange economy started. The technology was starting to
grow, there were new machines and easier ways to do things Africans never thought of.
Africa today has changed a lot from European countries and the imperialist policies. The Europeans
tore into the African continent and succeeded in destroying the Africanway of life. Thousands of
people were

Essay about Foreign Aid in Africa
Over the last 50 years, the world has struggled to maintain an economic balance and stability, while
flourishing countries try to maintain a steady income to support its people and relations with other
countries. Therefore, when a continent like Africa fails to maintain a stable government and
economy, super powers such as America decide to intervene with its relations.Africa has great
potential to become another pillar of the world's economic structure with its mass amounts of
uncultivated land. Unfortunately, corruption and irresponsible governments hinder that progress.
Foreign aid while helpful should be limited to a yearly amount because it allows the government to
repudiate responsibility and gives room for corruption; it creates a...show more content...
The donations or tax paying dollars that go through the governments doesn't go to the intended uses
that the people would have hoped. Money that is spent goes to paying off the drug cartels and gangs
to ensure safety for certain people. The trickle–down effect no longer applies when the flow is
stopped before it even begins. This is where the missionaries take a part in the problem. These
organizations and churches begin supplying directly to those in need. While this aides the needy it
doesn't stop the problem; it simply postpones it for when they leave. This allows the governments to
place blame on the organizations that are trying to help. The government no longer becomes
accountable to its people. Foreign aid should be limited which would in turn limit the media bias that
also helps provide get out of jail free cards when things don't go as planned. "African governments,
even those run by the military, have not in the past few years been spending more on weaponry, but
private markets are flooded with affordable small arms. In this situation, the line between criminality
and politics has become blurred."(Whitaker) When turning on the television, commercials come on
that are told about the missionaries and the wonderful work that's been done, but there's not any
insight into how the government is contributing. "Far too many major countries remain

Essay on Africa
Africa's Resistance to the Portuguese
The African history has been affected tremendously due to the influence of some European countries.
Portugal, who probably had the greatest impact on the continent, was not shy in invading what they
thought to be profitable circumstances. One of these areas that they profited from was the kingdom
of Kongo. Kongo was a major Bantu–speaking kingdom astride the Congo River in west–central
Africa, probably founded in the 14th century. It was governed by a king, the manikongo, whose
economic power was based upon trade in ivory, hides, slaves, and a shell currency of western Africa.
Within a few years after the Portuguese first encountered the kingdom in 1484, the sixth manikongo,
Nzinga Mbemba, later...show more content...
By 1570 the power of the Kongo kingdom had begun to decline, and severe internal tensions had
developed. Alfonso I knowing what was going on wrote a series of papers to King Joao III of
Portugal. In these papers, Alfonso I pleaded with the king to take away all the corrupt Portuguese
from his kingdom. With false assurance from the king of Portugal, he asked to have sent those
people of religious and medical backgrounds to help modernize his kingdom. With the corruptness
still noticeable in the Kongo, Alfonso I was forced to pass a law stating that "...any white man
living in our Kingdoms and wanting to purchase goods in any way should first inform three of our
noblemen and officials of our court whom we rely upon in this matter..." (57). These futile attempts
of writing letters to the king were not making any significance. The king of Portugal was money
hungry along with the majority of all his servants who worked for him down in Africa.
Some of the areas of Africa knew that letters to the king would not work alone. They were forced to
use action against the Portuguese. People known as Zimba did the military launches. Most of the
attacks were economically motivated. They were being used for the trade circuit. Zimba attacks
were successful against the Portuguese but they did not succeed in reestablishing the traditional
market for their ivory.

History And Evolution Of Africa
Africa played a pivotal role in human evolution. It's the site of the beginning of human evolution,
as they slowly evolved from their primitive ancestors and continued to evolve for millions of
years. A majority of the fossils, some dating back almost 7 million years, are found in Africa. As
ancient humans migrated out of Africa they stayed close to the coast. Scientists have been able to
trace their migration to areas around the Indian Ocean, South Asia, and even as far down as
Australia, also referred to as Out of Africa Theory (OOA) by many scientists.
By examining these fossils scientist have discovered a plethora of early human and pre–human
species. In central Chad fossils of Sahelanthropus tchadensis have been discovered, dating between 6
and 7 million years. Some researchers believe that Sahelanthropus tchadensis is the common
ancestors that links humans and chimpanzees. In Ethiopia Ardipithecus ramidus fossils, the earliest
known biped, have been found dating back 4.5 million years ago. Bipedalism was a major shift in
early evolution that many scientist attribute to climate and diet change. It arose around 4.2 – 3.5
million years ago when hominids began moving away from areas that had dense trees and foliage
to savanna areas. Savanna habitats are primarily made up of tall grasses, giving bipeds an
advantage; allowing them to have a new elevated eye position and reduced their exposure to solar
energy. Not only did it allow hominids to be able to see over the tall

Essay about South Africa
South Africa is a place of hurt, heart, and change.
Over the years, South Africa has either been through rough
times in the traditional tribal part, or being descriminated
because of their color of skin.
South Africa has two major tribal groups; The
Nguni/South Ndebele, and the khoi/San. The South Ndebele,
together with the Zulu, Xhosa and Swazi, belong to the South
Nguni ethnic group. In the case of the South African Ndebele
group, the area is the Southern part of South Africa. Here,
they have lived, worked on farms, and hunted for
generations. They are a very communal tribe. They work
together, share together, help each other out, and hunt with
each other. This group is very dependent on all of their...show more content...
Cape Town became a major port as a way station for the
Europeans. The colonists were mostly farmers and cattle
herders. They became known as the Boers. They developed
their own culture and language (Afrikaans). In the 1770's,
the Boers encountered the Bantu, who were migrating. The
Nguni Bantu clans settled between the Drakensberg Mountains
and the sea. The Sotho clans settled in the interior, north
of the Cape Colony. The 19th century competition for land

led to the conflict between the Bantu clans, which led to
the boer war, 1899–1902. Hundreds and thousands died during
the wars, entire clans disappeared and it resulted in the
creation of many Bantu nations. Now they are unable to
communicate with each other, and now they don't have any
power to stop the Europeans. British forces twice occupied
the Cape region, in 1795 and 1806. In 1814, toward the end
of the Napoleonic Wars, Great Britain purchased the Cape
Colony from the Dutch for 6 million Britidh pounds. After
1820 thousands of British colonists arrived in South Africa,
and they demanded that English law be imposed. English
became the official language in 1822. The Khoi/San were
given protection, and slavery was abolished in 1833. When
the Dutch, or the Afrikanns found out that slavery was
ebolished they got angry, because they thoght that the
Bilble said that black people were supposed to be slaves,
which then

The African Educational System
It is a common and well known saying that history repeats itself. This saying has more to it than the
literal definition of it, it means we need to study it and learn from it, in order to avoid repetition.
Often times we have that opportunity to study and learn from history in a way that can impact the
future, in a hopefully positive way. In terms of education, improvement and innovation is always a
top priority. If we can properly combine the study of other cultures with the study of history, we can
have an extremely effective tool for learning ways to positively impact our own generation and
future. In this essay, I will attempt to uncover the differences between current education and
traditional African education, with intention of learning how to apply it today. The idea behind
studying history is that it is a vital part of learning and adopting successful techniques and a good
tool for avoiding the repetition of mistakes. If pre–colonial Africa can have success without the
resources and technologies we have today, then it is valuable to invest time and effort in mirroring
some of their methods.
When studying history, it is important to be thorough and complete in your analysis. More
specifically, when reading into the African educational system, there are many parts to focus on.
These sections range from physical to social to spiritual. From studying these, we can see just what
role each part played in the system. Things to consider from this are questions concerning

Essay about Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub–Saharan Africa
Africa is the second largest of the earth's seven continents, covering about twenty–two percent of the
world's total land area. From its northern most point, to its southern most tip is the distance of nearly
five thousand miles. Africa is both north and south of the equator. The Atlantic Ocean is located west
of the continent, and the Indian Ocean is on the east. Width of the continent is also nearly five
thousand miles. Although Africa is so large, much of it is inhabitable. Desertsoils, which have little
organic content, cover large areas. The Sahara Desert, in the northern part, covers more than one
fourth of Africa, and the Kalahari Desert is in the southern part of the continent. These two deserts
are a...show more content...
Most are relatively infertile due to mineral leaching from heavy rainfall and high temperatures.
Achieving effective control of the water supply is a major problem. Many areas suffer low
rainfall and must store water as insurance against delayed rains. Other areas have an
overabundance of water, causing swamps to exist. Large areas suffer from periodic flooding. In
recent years, progress has been made in the area of dams and reservoirs. With the continent's large
rivers and waterways, Africa has probably the most potential for hydroelectric power in the world.
However, the economic and the political standing of the region are not in a position to take
advantage of this natural asset.
Africa's people are divided not only by country, but also by religion, race, and class. The Sahara also
serves as a vast barrier between the people of northern Africa and those of sub–Saharan Africa.
South of the Sahara, Negroid peoples, which constitute about seventy percent of the population,
predominate. Primarily concentrated in southern Africa, are some five million people of European
descent. Europeans began to appear in Africa in the last half of the nineteenth century. Even though
they were small in number they had a lasting impact on the African way of life. Their purpose in
Africa was for raw materials for their industries, naval bases, new markets, investments and their ever
present quest for new

African Cultures Essay
African Cultures
Africa has more than 800 languages native to its continent. African cultures are so diverse that they
are different from any other culture of the world. African cultures contain many different languages.
African languages range from common French to languages unheard of to most people such as
Swahili. African arts are much different than American arts. Their art involves much more creative
pottery, masks, and paintings. Africa has a very interesting culture. Reasons being the people are
very creative and like to express their individuality. The most diverse cultures in the world belong to
Africa.
There are more than 800 languages spoken in the continent of Africa. Most Africans speak two or
three languages, their...show more content...
The most common languages in South Africa are Xhosa, Tswana, Zulu, and Swahili (African
Languages).
Zulu is one of nine Bantu languages spoken in East Southern Africa. Approximately 8.8 million
people speak this language (African Languages).
Swahili is spoken as a mother language vast along the coast of East Africa. It is the national
language of Tanzania and the official language of Kenya (African Languages). It is also the official
in German East Africa (Reader 265). Approximately 50 million people speak this language (African
Languages).
Art is very important to the Africans. In fact it is part of their everyday life (Fetzer 106). South
African artists are active in many areas of art including sculpture, pottery, mask making, and
many more (African Arts Information). Like African paintings, poetry, and woodcarvings,
sculptures tell a tale and immortalize cultures and beliefs. Different artists have different styles
(African Arts Information). Materials and styles differ from village to village. Most sculptors
use green wood, copper, tin, zinc alloys, bronze, ivory, or terra cotta, a kind of earth ware. Most
sculpture figures are believed to contain ancestor's spirits. Others represent sacred ideas or events
(Fetzer 106). Some objects are said to be magical and believed to have magical powers (African
Arts). Africans carve figures, make masks, and decorate articles for ceremonies (Fetzer 106).

History And Culture Of Africa
There is a majestic place infused with huge open plains, surrounded by beautiful lush jungles and
white sandy beaches, near crystal clear waters and snow covered mountains, and filled with exodic
wildlife and an abundance of undiscovered wonders. Africa is a continent with approximately 1.2
billion people and over 1,250 different native languages spoken. Its unique history and culture creates
an extremely diverse continent which has generated Africa's countries to be immensely populated
with tourists all over the world. Even though Africa is one of the most beautiful places on earth, it
can also be one of the most dangerous for tourists to visit.
For centuries, sickness and disease have been known to be extremely dangerous when traveling
...show more content...
This severe disease caused the United States government to become involved. They declared this
issue to be their number one priority for the nation's safety. Members of the Commissioned Corps
of the United States Public Health Service were asked to personally handle the patients with the
highly contagious disease in the United States and Africa. Alexis Mosquera was a United States'
nurse who worked in an Ebola Treatment Unit in West Africa. She wrote an article in 2015 about
the spread in West Africa and gave vivid explanations about how she trained in dealing with the
virus, what the ethical dilemmas were, and the risks for exposures of the virus. She claims that
Ebola is extremely dangerous and hard to prevent because no one has officially proven where it
comes from, but doctors have reasonable suspicions.
The Natural host of Ebola virus remains unknown, but it is widely believed that fruit bats of the
Pteropodidae family are the natural reservoir. EVD is transmitted via direct contact with body fluids:
blood or body fluids (including but not limited to urine, saliva, sweat, feces, vomit, breast milk, and
semen) of infected individuals. In addition, contaminated surfaces and materials (clothing, bleeding,
needles, and syringes) can also transmit the virus. (Mosquera 151)
The people who work in the medical field have an extremely high risk in receiving the virus but yet
Commissioned Corps nurses are still very selfless when caring for their patients with

Essay about Africa Before European Arrival
Africa Before European Arrival
People of the early African kingdoms were able to create successful trade routes with Europe and
Asia, become very wealthy from conquering and gaining land, and were able to have a strong
central government. All of this was done before the Europeans had reached Africa. Trade flourished
on the East African coast, especially when trading was established with India and Arabia. African
kingdoms were prosperous, because of their success with not only trading but also with their ability
to conquer land. A governmental structure is key to allowing any kingdom to thrive, and the African
people were able to achieve this.
Once Africa got involved with the major trading centers, trade improved and they were able...show
more content...
In the kingdom of Benin, making castes with bronze was introduced to the rest of the world.
"Now this kind of work is done with clay, and wax, and red metal (copper), and soldier (zinc) and
lead, and fire...Next it is set aside to cool, then (the outside covering of clay) is broken off,"
(Document 7). The art of creating bronze castes was very popular in Benin and the popularity soon
spread to most of Northern Africa.
Even before Europeans came to Africa, the kingdoms in Africa were quite wealthy. As previously
mentioned, Ghana was a very strong kingdom in which its people were also incredibly wealthy.
Their government appeared to be wealthy as well, which assisted Ghana in being able to control the
gold and salt trade. An Arab scholar, Al–Bakri, wrote about the king's court and how basically
everything that the court had was gold (Document 2). The point of view of this document was also
positive, and that is because scholars are usually upper class, just like the king's court. Al–Bakri
thought very highly of the court, and explains in detail how every person has some gold on them and
how their surroundings also possessed gold. Ghana had a strong army and an intelligent political
counsel, which made other countries fear them. Nations around Ghana did not want to start
problems and usually just maintained peace with Ghana (Document 3). Ghana was not the only
successful kingdom, one of the leaders of Mali, Mansa Musa,

Relationship Between Africa And Africa
Africa could have developed trade relations with any other country but why with Europe? During
the fifteenth (15th) century Africa developed a very unique relationship with EuropeВ№. Before
Africa and Europe established their trade relationship, the African 's economic status was way
ahead of Europe 's.1 It was said that "The West African empire of Mali was larger than Western
Europe and reputed to be one of the richest and most powerful states in the world."2 Africa was
known for its gold, which came from the West African Empire.
This was what sparked Europe's interest in having a trade relationship with Africa. Africa had
developed trading relationships with Asia and the Indian Ocean regions. Some of Europe countries
(Britain, France and Portugal) began trading relationships with Africa and it was during this time
that they developed relationships with some very experience local African leaders that brought
about a fully populated trading population.3 Europe goal was to make great connections with the
African so that they would be able to establish warehouses to be able to store their property, but
also be able to prevent anyone else from trying to invade their stored goods. Once the Europeans
setup shop in Africa they then maintained a relationship with some Portuguese merchants who called
themselves "lancades" their role was to serve as the middlemen between the African and European
traders.4 The goods that were imported from Africa were cloth, iron, copper

South Africa Essay
South Africa is a nation with a wonderful and varied culture. This country has been called "The
Rainbow Nation", a name that reflects the diversity of such amazing place. The different ethnic and
cultural groups of the South Africa do, however, appreciate their own beliefs and customs. Many of
these traditions, besides African culture, are influenced by European and Western heritage. The
complex and diverse population of the country has made a strong impact to the various cultures.
There are forty–five million people; about thirty million are black, five million white, three million
coloured and one million Indians. The black population has a large number of rural people living in
poverty. It is among these inhabitants that cultural...show more content...
Many black musicians who sang in Afrikaans and English during the apartheid period began to
sing in traditional African dialects developing a singular style called Kwaito. This is a music
genre that became the favorite way of representing social and economic issues. I believe that in
certain way, Kwaito is a political power that shows activism in its apolitical actions. In the other
hand white and coloured South African singers were strongly influenced by European music.
African Indigenous Churches were the largest of the Christian groups during the apartheid period.
It is argued that many of the people who claimed no relation with any religion were part of
indigenous religions. This is a religion that combines Christian and indigenous influences. Many
South African Muslims are described as Coloureds, especially those whose ancestors were slaves.
Others are described as Indians including those whose ancestors came as traders from South Asia.
Religion plays such an important fact in South Africa giving an special taste to the culture.
The culture during the apartheid time is still powerful in much of South Africa countryside. For
example, across the many ethnic groups, marriage traditions are different, but all the beliefs are
based in a masculine deity, ancestral spirits and supernatural forces. Usually, plural marriages are
permitted and a lobolo (dowry) is usually paid. Cattles play an important part in many of

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