2. Instructional Models
The Instructional Design process is a “systems”
approach.
The ID process is expressed as a linear model, an
iterative process, and often as a pragmatic, real-world
set of procedures.
ID Models includes:
1. ASSURE model
2. Dick and Carey Model
3. ICARE model
4. ADDIE model
3. ADDIE Model
A future educational leader may use ADDIE model to make
changes in an organization, because this model had been
used by instructional designers and training developers.
The ADDIE model contain five phases:
A: ANALYZE
D: DESIGN
D: DEVELOPMENT
I: IMPLEMENTATION
E: EVALUATION
Which represent a dynamic, flexible guideline for building
effective training and performance support tools. This
model attempts to save time and money by catching
problems while they are still easy to fix.
5. Analyze
Analyze refer to the gathering of information about one’s
audience, the task to be completed, and the project
overall goal.
The future education leader will gather the information
about the task to be accomplished in an organization and
classify the information to make the content more
applicable and successful.
It asks several questions:
Who is the audience?
What do they need to learn?
What constraint exist?
What is the time line for the program completion?
6. Design
A future education leader should be able to plan,
develop, evaluate an instruction process. He must know
how to use curriculum in planning instruction.
Design must be set to attained a particular goal.
It has three functions:
1.Evaluating the outcomes of instruction.
2.Developing the instruction.
3.Identifying the outcomes of instruction.
7. Cont’d
In other to teach effectively there are five
considerations to keep in mind:
1. What are the objective
2. What skills, attitude are to be develop
3. What resources and strategies need to be use in
instruction
4. How to structure the content of learning materials
5. How to asses the learner’s understanding and
whether set objectives has been met.
8. Development
1. The phase addresses the tool used in creating
instructional material.
2. It is the process of producing materials needed to
meet the goals and objectives.
3. In other to help student learn the task, a list of
activities should be produced.
4. The delivery point should be chosen, whether it be
through video, power point, note, lecture etc.
5. Previous materials should be review in other not to
repeat the information
6. Finally, develop instructional coursework.
9. Implementation
1. During this phase, the first use of instruction are
described to the learners.
2. Implementation stage allow instructional leader to
test all materials design to identify if they are
functional and appropriate for learners.
3. The instructor must be ready to face unforeseen
problem like learning difficulties or instructional
challenges.
10. Evaluation
1. An evaluation phase is a systematic process that
determines the effectiveness of instructional design.
2. The evaluation is an on going process that happen at each
stage of ADDIE process.
3. Evaluation consist of two parts : Formative and
summative assessment.
Formative assessment - Is used to determine the
effectiveness of each stage or is used to monitor students
learning .
Summative assessment – It is the process of gathering
data following information in other to determine the
effectiveness of the goal.
11. Conclusion
A future education leader should have ability to identify
learner’s needs .
An educational leaders must know how to use resources
and strategy to achieved the objectives of the lesson.
Again, he should know how to choose appropriate
delivery point and assess learners understanding.
A future educational leader should know how to examine
and evaluate their students so that they can accomplish
their goal.
Also, an educational leader should be able to modify
instructional materials to make it suitable for learners.
