This document provides an overview of waste legislation and regulations in the UK. It defines what constitutes waste and outlines the role of the Environment Agency in regulating waste sites and incidents. Businesses must obtain a waste management license or exemption to treat, keep, or dispose of controlled waste. Exemptions allow for small-scale, low-risk waste activities. Case studies demonstrate how farms and businesses have reduced waste and pollution while generating value from waste streams like food waste and hazardous materials from fire extinguishers. Waste legislation impacts most businesses and provides opportunities to improve practices.