29. cardiovascular 1-08-09

CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

COMPONENTS OF THE CIRCULATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

COMPONENTS OF THE CIRCULATION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CARDIAC STRUCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object]

CARDIAC STRUCTURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CARDIAC MUSCLE CELLS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIALS ,[object Object]

CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIALS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIALS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIALS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MECHANISM OF THE CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIAL ,[object Object],[object Object]

SODIUM CHANNELS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CALCIUM CHANNELS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

POTASSIUM CHANNELS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CARDIAC CONTRACTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SPONTANEOUS ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY (AUTOMATICITY) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CONDUCTING PATHWAYS IN THE HEART ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CONDUCTING PATHWAYS IN THE HEART ,[object Object],[object Object]

CONDUCTING PATHWAYS IN THE HEART ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CARDIAC CONTRACTILE FORCE ( Starling's law ) ,[object Object],[object Object]

FRANK-STARLING EFFECT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

INCREASED CONTRACTILITY (positive inotropism) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

POSITIVE INOTROPIC MECHANISMS ,[object Object],[object Object]

POSITIVE INOTROPIC EFFECTS ,[object Object]

MAXIMAL VELOCITY OF SHORTENING ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DECREASED CONTRACTILITY (negative inotropism) ,[object Object],[object Object]

DECREASED CONTRACTILITY (negative inotropism) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Law of Laplace ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Law of Laplace ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

THE CARDIAC CYCLE ,[object Object],[object Object]

MECHANICAL EVENTS: VENTRICULAR PRESSURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

MECHANICAL EVENTS: VENTRICULAR PRESSURE ,[object Object],[object Object]

ATRIAL PRESSURE ,[object Object],[object Object]

AORTIC PRESSURE ,[object Object],[object Object]

AORTIC PRESSURE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

PULMONARY TRUNK PRESSURE ,[object Object],[object Object]

HEART SOUNDS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

VENTRICULAR VOLUME ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

29. cardiovascular 1-08-09

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29. cardiovascular 1-08-09