surveys the tradi-tional ethical issues of privacy, security, anonymity and analyzes how these issues are affected by computer technology. Information gathering, databasing, and civil liberties are also discussed.

1. SOSIO INFORMATIKA
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
20192019
Socio Informatics

2. UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
20192019
Yusra Fernando, M.Komyusra.fernando@teknokrat.ac.id
CONTACT ME
2

3. UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
20192019
Socio Informatics
Anonymity, Security, Privacy and Civil Liberties

4. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 4
Surveys the tradi-tional ethical issues of privacy, security, anonymity and analyzes
how these issues are affected by computer technology. Information gathering,
databasing, and civil liberties are also discussed.
Objectives Learn

5. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 5
Anonymity, Security, Privacy and Civil Liberties
• Introduction
• Anonymity
• Security
• Privacy
• Ethical and Social Issues

6. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 6
Introduction
• Information has increased in value
• The demand for information is high due to:
• High digitalization of information and increasing bandwidth.
• Declining costs of digital communication.
• Increased miniaturization of portable computers and other communications
equipment.
• Greater public awareness by the news media of the potential abuse of digital
communication, especially the Internet.
• The danger for misuse is real

7. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 7
Anonymity
• Absence of identity
• There are two types of identity:
• Pseudo
• Untraceable
• Anonymity on the Internet
• Email
• Other postings

8. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 8
Security
• Means to prevent unauthorized access
• Consists of:
• Confidentiality - to prevent unauthorized disclosure of information to third
parties.
• Integrity - to prevent unauthorized modification of files and maintain the status quo
• Availability -: to prevent unauthorized withholding of information from those who need
it when they need it.
• Physical security – guaranteed by:
• Deterrence
• Prevention
• Detection
• Response

9. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 9
Security…
• Perimeter security
• Fence
• Dog
• Guards
• Firewalls
• Proxy - individual client requests conform to the pre-set conditions, then the
firewall acts on the request
• Filter -these are packet-level filters
• Stateful Inspection: These firewalls combine the filter and proxy
functionalities.
• Passwords

10. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 10
Information Security
• Encryption
• Plaintext
• Ciphertext
• Types:
• Symmetric (fig 5.1)
• Asymmetric (fig 5.2)
Encryption standards
• RSA
• DES
• PEMS
• PGP
• Authentication (fig 5.3)

11. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 11
Privacy
• Human value consists of:
• Right to control external influences on individual
information:
• Solitude - right to be alone
• Anonymity – right to have no public identity
• Intimacy – right not to be monitored
• Right to control personal information:
• Reserve – right to control one’s information

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Value of Privacy
• Safeguard personal identity
• Preserve individual autonomy in decision-making
• Less known information,more autonomy
• Support social relationships
• Worthiness

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Information Gathering, Databases, and Privacy
• Who has your name on a list and what they're doing with it?
• companies you have done business with.
• Individuals
• Government agencies
• The U.S. Graham-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act - protect the customer
through three requirements that the institutions must disclose to us:
• Privacy Policy: through which the institution is bound to tell us the types of information the institution
collects and has about us and how it uses that information.
• Right to Opt-Out: through which the institution is bound to explain our recourse to prevent the transfer
of our data to third party beneficiaries.
• Safeguards: through which the institution must put in place policies to prevent fraudulent access to
confidential financial information.

14. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 14
• The Opt-in clause, which was not included in the Act despite strong support from
privacy and consumer activists, would have prohibited a financial institution from
sharing or selling our data without our consent.
• The opt-out option, which eventually was included in the Act after, the opt-in
clause lost, gives us, the customers, implied consent, if we fail to return the Opt-
out notices above sent to us by these institutions.
Opt-in/Opt-out

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Privacy Violations
• Intrusion – wrongful entry ( hacking)
• Misuse of information
• we involuntarily give off personal information
• businesses collect it
• Interception of information
• eavesdropping
• Surveillance
• Echelon/TEMPEST
• Information matching using unrelated databases -usually illegally

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Privacy Protection
• Is it possible? -Rapid advances in computer technology, and in particular the advent of the
Internet, have all created an environment where detailed information on individuals and
products can very easily and cheaply be moved, merged, marched, compared and shared.
• Guidelines and structures that safeguard and protected privacy rights.
• These structures and guideline, on the average fall under the following categories:
• Technical - through the use of software and other technical based safeguards and also education of
users and consumers to carry out self-regulation.
• contractual –through which information like electronic publication and how such information is
disseminated are given contractual and technological protection against unauthorized reproduction
or distribution.
• legal – through the enactment of laws by national legislatures and enforcement of such laws by the
law enforcement agencies. (see pp. 118 - 119)
• Through individual efforts ( be vigilant)

17. Ethical and Social...J.M.Kizza 17
Ethical and Social Issues
• The ethics of privacy - with the advent of the Internet and electronic
messages, confidentiality is a great concern. Computer technology
has raised more privacy questions than it has found answers to
• The ethics of security - the Internet is an insecure communications
channel when it is used by a criminal.

18. Thank You ..
UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK DAN ILMU KOMPUTER
YUSRA FERNANDO, S.KOM., M.KOM
20192019